T2: Cell Structures and Organelles

Question 1

Describe the structure of a cell membrane

Answer 1

• DOUBLE LAYERED
• Surrounds the cell
• Flexible

Question 2

Function of the cell membrane

Answer 2

• Support
• Regulate substances coming in
  SEMI PERMEABLE

Question 3

Location of cell wall

Answer 3

• PLANT CELL: Found outside the cell membrane

Question 4

What is the cell wall made of?

Answer 4

Cellulose

Question 5

Function of the cell wall

Answer 5

• Support for the cell
• Protect from injury

Question 6

Structure of Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Jelly-like liquid; Suspends the organelles in the cell

Question 7

Function of the cytoplasm

Answer 7

Allows organelles to be moved around; Gives cells structure

Question 8

Structure of the Nucleus

Answer 8

Roughly spherical; filled with Nucleoplasm

Question 9

Function of the nucleus

Answer 9

Contains genetic information (this controls all cell activities); Genetic info stores on chromosomes (contain DNA)

Question 10

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 10

De-oxy-ribo-nucleic-acid

Question 11

Structure of the Nucleolus

Answer 11

Spherical; found in the cell’s nucleus

Question 12

Function of the nucleolus

Answer 12

Produces and assembles the cell’s ribosomes

Question 13

Where do the ribosomes go from the nucleolus?

Answer 13

Cytoplasm

Question 14

RER stands for…

Answer 14

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 15

RER structure

Answer 15

• Connects to nucleus
• Branching tubes and packets of membranes
• Embedded with ribosomes

Question 16

RER function

Answer 16

• Protein Synthesis
• Packages materials in vesicles
• transports them throughout the cell

Question 17

SER stands for…

Answer 17

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 18

SER Function

Answer 18

• Synthesis of Fat (Lipid) and hormones
• Detoxification (poisons, drugs, alcohol)

Question 19

SER Structure

Answer 19

• Branching tubes and pockets of membranes
• NO RIBOSOMES
  -Connects to RER

Question 20

Golgi Bodies Structure

Answer 20

• Stacks of flattened membrane sacs
  –> Not connected to nucleus

Question 21

Golgi Bodies Function

Answer 21

• Collect and process materials to remove from cell
• Transport waste out
• Make/Secrete mucus

Question 22

Ribosomes Structure

Answer 22

• Free floating or attached to RER
• Protein subunit

Question 23

Ribosomes Function

Answer 23

• Produce proteins from amino acids

Question 24

Mitochondria Structure

Answer 24

• Peanut shaped
• Double membrane (smooth outer membrane, folded inner membrane)

Question 25

Mitochondria function

Answer 25

- Make energy available to cell -Cellular respiration: use enzymes which turn stored energy to usable energy

Question 26

Equation for Cellular Respiration

Answer 26

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2+ 6H2O+ATP

Question 27

Chloroplasts structure

Answer 27

- Green oval - Double membrane -Stacked discs (thylakoids)

Question 28

Chloroplasts Function

Answer 28

- Contain chlorophyll (gives green colour) - Absorb light energy used in photosynthesis (Insert equation) - Photosynthesis allows plants to get energy from the sun to make their own food

Question 29

Vacuoles Structure

Answer 29

- Single layer of membrane, encloses fluid in a sac

Question 30

Describe vacuole(s) in a plant cell

Answer 30

One huge vacuole

Question 31

Vacuoles function

Answer 31

- Removes unwanted substances from the cell - Maintains internal fluid pressure (turgor within the cell)

Question 32

Vesicle Structure

Answer 32

- Double Membrane-bound sac - Can join other membranes

Question 33

Vesicle Function

Answer 33

- Transports materials to parts of the cell

Question 34

Lysosome structure

Answer 34

- only in animal cells - Spherical - Contain hydrolytic enzymes

Question 35

Lysosome function

Answer 35

- Break down food molecules - Digest old cell parts for recycling in cell

Question 36

Cytoskeleton structure

Answer 36

- Made of fibres and tubules - Located in cytoplasm

Question 37

Cytoskeleton Function

Answer 37

- Structural support - Movement of organelles and small cells (flagella, cilia)

Question 38

Which type of cell has no nuclei?

Answer 38

Prokaryotic

Question 39

What is different about the organelles in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 39

Eukaryotic organelles are membrane-bound (protected by membranes)

Question 40

Where are eukaryotic cells found?

Answer 40

Plant, fungi, protists

Question 41

What type of cells does bacteria have?

Answer 41

Prokaryotic

Question 42

Is there any difference in the DNA of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

What organelles do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 43

Plasma Membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Question 44

Describe the difference in DNA shape in prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

Answer 44

Prokaryotic - circular Eukaryotic - Linear