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Gr. 10 Bio > T2: Cell Structures and Organelles > Flashcards

T2: Cell Structures and Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of a cell membrane

A
  • DOUBLE LAYERED
  • Surrounds the cell
  • Flexible
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2
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A
  • Support
  • Regulate substances coming in
    SEMI PERMEABLE
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3
Q

Location of cell wall

A
  • PLANT CELL: Found outside the cell membrane
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4
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

Cellulose

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5
Q

Function of the cell wall

A
  • Support for the cell
  • Protect from injury
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6
Q

Structure of Cytoplasm

A

Jelly-like liquid; Suspends the organelles in the cell

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7
Q

Function of the cytoplasm

A

Allows organelles to be moved around; Gives cells structure

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8
Q

Structure of the Nucleus

A

Roughly spherical; filled with Nucleoplasm

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9
Q

Function of the nucleus

A

Contains genetic information (this controls all cell activities); Genetic info stores on chromosomes (contain DNA)

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10
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

De-oxy-ribo-nucleic-acid

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11
Q

Structure of the Nucleolus

A

Spherical; found in the cell’s nucleus

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12
Q

Function of the nucleolus

A

Produces and assembles the cell’s ribosomes

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13
Q

Where do the ribosomes go from the nucleolus?

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

RER stands for…

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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15
Q

RER structure

A
  • Connects to nucleus
  • Branching tubes and packets of membranes
  • Embedded with ribosomes
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16
Q

RER function

A
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Packages materials in vesicles
  • transports them throughout the cell
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17
Q

SER stands for…

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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18
Q

SER Function

A
  • Synthesis of Fat (Lipid) and hormones
  • Detoxification (poisons, drugs, alcohol)
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19
Q

SER Structure

A
  • Branching tubes and pockets of membranes
  • NO RIBOSOMES
    -Connects to RER
20
Q

Golgi Bodies Structure

A
  • Stacks of flattened membrane sacs
    –> Not connected to nucleus
21
Q

Golgi Bodies Function

A
  • Collect and process materials to remove from cell
  • Transport waste out
  • Make/Secrete mucus
22
Q

Ribosomes Structure

A
  • Free floating or attached to RER
  • Protein subunit
23
Q

Ribosomes Function

A
  • Produce proteins from amino acids
24
Q

Mitochondria Structure

A
  • Peanut shaped
  • Double membrane (smooth outer membrane, folded inner membrane)
25
Q

Mitochondria function

A
  • Make energy available to cell
    -Cellular respiration: use enzymes which turn stored energy to usable energy
26
Q

Equation for Cellular Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2+ 6H2O+ATP

27
Q

Chloroplasts structure

A
  • Green oval
  • Double membrane
    -Stacked discs (thylakoids)
28
Q

Chloroplasts Function

A
  • Contain chlorophyll (gives green colour)
  • Absorb light energy used in photosynthesis (Insert equation)
  • Photosynthesis allows plants to get energy from the sun to make their own food
29
Q

Vacuoles Structure

A
  • Single layer of membrane, encloses fluid in a sac
30
Q

Describe vacuole(s) in a plant cell

A

One huge vacuole

31
Q

Vacuoles function

A
  • Removes unwanted substances from the cell
  • Maintains internal fluid pressure (turgor within the cell)
32
Q

Vesicle Structure

A
  • Double Membrane-bound sac
  • Can join other membranes
33
Q

Vesicle Function

A
  • Transports materials to parts of the cell
34
Q

Lysosome structure

A
  • only in animal cells
  • Spherical
  • Contain hydrolytic enzymes
35
Q

Lysosome function

A
  • Break down food molecules
  • Digest old cell parts for recycling in cell
36
Q

Cytoskeleton structure

A
  • Made of fibres and tubules
  • Located in cytoplasm
37
Q

Cytoskeleton Function

A
  • Structural support
  • Movement of organelles and small cells (flagella, cilia)
38
Q

Which type of cell has no nuclei?

A

Prokaryotic

39
Q

What is different about the organelles in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic organelles are membrane-bound (protected by membranes)

40
Q

Where are eukaryotic cells found?

A

Plant, fungi, protists

41
Q

What type of cells does bacteria have?

A

Prokaryotic

42
Q

Is there any difference in the DNA of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

No

43
Q

What organelles do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have?

A

Plasma Membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

44
Q

Describe the difference in DNA shape in prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

A

Prokaryotic - circular
Eukaryotic - Linear

45
Q
A

Gr. 10 Bio (2 decks)

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