T2-Carcinogenesis-1

Question 1

normal cell growth control (6)

Answer 1

1. mitosis stimulated by growth factor
2. if DNA damage exists, processes prevent cell division
3. if DNA repair fails, apoptosis triggered
4. most cells can only divide limited number of times
5. cells contributing member of tissue structure
6. need blood supply to grow

Question 2

Draw overview of carcinogenesis chart

Answer 2

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Question 3

look at chart on slide 3

Answer 3

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Question 4

7 characteristics of cancer cells compared to normal cells

Answer 4

1. large number of dividing cells
2. large, variably shaped nuclei
3. large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
4. variation in size and shape
5. loss of normal cell features
6. disorganized arrangement
7. poorly defined tumor boundary

Question 5

8 hallmarks of cancer

Answer 5

1. self-sufficiency in growth signals
2. insensitivity to anti-growth signals
3. resisting apoptosis–> loss of p52 tumor suppressor
4. enabling replicative immortality
5. inducing angiogenesis
6. activating invasion and metastasis
7. reprogramming of energy metabolism
8. evading immune destruction

Question 6

oncogenes and oncoprotein may be divided based on the function of their normal counterparts. Name these 5 counterparts. then review them in slides (10-17)

Answer 6

1. growth factors
2. growth factor receptors
3. signal transducing proteins
4. nuclear regulatory factors
5. cell cycle regulators