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AL Chemistry (Edexcel) > T2: Bonding and Structure > Flashcards

T2: Bonding and Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

ionic bonding

A

the strong electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions
depends on ionic size and charge

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1
Q

covalent bonding

A

the strong electrostatic attraction between two nuclei and the shared pair of electrons between them

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2
Q

metallic bonding

A

strong electrostatic attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons

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3
Q

dative covalent bond

A

occurs when one atom donates both electrons in a bond
e.g. in NH4+ or H3O+ ions

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4
Q

describe a linear shaped molecule

A

180 degrees
2BP 0LP

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5
Q

describe a trigonal planar shaped molecule

A

120 degrees
3BP 0LP

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6
Q

describe a tetrahedral shaped molecule

A

109.5 degrees
4BP 0LP

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7
Q

describe a trigonal pyramidal molecule

A

107 degrees
3BP 1LP

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8
Q

describe a bent shaped molecule

A

104.5 degrees
2BP 2LP
eg water

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9
Q

describe a trigonal bipyramidal shaped molecule

A

120 degrees + 90 degrees
5BP 0LP
eg PCl5

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10
Q

describe a octahedral shaped molecule

A

90 degrees
6BP 0LP
eg SF6

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11
Q

electronegativity

A

the ability of an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond

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12
Q

sigma bond

A

bond resulting from direct overlap of orbitals

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13
Q

pi bond

A

bond resulting from two orbitals overlapping sideways

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14
Q

london forces

A
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15
Q

factors affecting london forces

A

increases with branches (more points of contact) and number of electrons (more electrons stronger forces)

16
Q

permanent dipole-dipole forces

A

dipole-dipole attractions between polar molecules, stronger
than London forces

17
Q

hydrogen bond

A

formed when a hydrogen bonds to a more electronegative atom (eg N,O,F)

often 180 degrees, responsible for ice being less dense than water + occupies greater volume than water due to the directional nature of hydrogen bonds within the solid structure

18
Q
A

AL Chemistry (Edexcel) (11 decks)

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