Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

102 - Theme 1 - Anatomy > T1L1: Introduction to anatomy > Flashcards

T1L1: Introduction to anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of anatomy?

A

The definition of anatomy is the study of the structures of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the etymology of the word anatomy?

A

Anatomy is derived from the word ‘temnein’ which means ‘to cut’ which is a testament to its roots in dissection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 6 main areas we study in anatomy, explain them?

A

We study:

  1. Histology – The study of microscopic structures
  2. Gross anatomy – the study of the macroscopic structures in the body
  3. Imaging – the study of the interpreting images and imaging techniques
  4. Embryology – the study of embryos in foetal development
  5. Surface anatomy - the study of the structure of the surfaces of structures in the body.
  6. Osteology – the study of the structure of the bones in the body.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the 6 main reasons why knowing your anatomy is important.

A

Anatomy is significant as:

  1. It allows us to relate structure to function
  2. It is the basis for intervention
  3. It is the basis for physical examination
  4. It allows us to inform pathology
  5. It allows us to understand natural variation
  6. It allows us to interpret images
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the anatomical position. (5)

A

The anatomical position is:

  1. Feet together, toes pointing forward
  2. Hands by the side palms facing forward
  3. Face neutral, looking forward with mouth closed
  4. Inferior margin of orbit level with the external auditory meatus
  5. Penis/Clitoris erect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three planes we use in anatomy?

A

1) Sagittal
2) Coronal
3) Transverse/ Axial, Horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 14 terms we use to describe a location in anatomy? What do they mean?

A

Superficial – towards the surface

Deep – towards the inside

Lateral – away from the midline

Medial - towards the midline

Superior – above something

Inferior – below something

Anterior – in front of something

Posterior – behind something

Ventral – in front of something(used in embryology)

Dorsal – behind something(used in embryology)

Cranial – towards the head (used in embryology)

Caudal – towards the ‘tail’ (sacrum) (used in embryology)

Proximal – close to something

Distal – away from something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 10 terms we use to describe movement in anatomy?

A

Flexion – decreasing the angle at a joint

Extension – Increasing the angle at a joint

Abduction – movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction – the movement towards the midline

Supination – the lateral rotation of the hand or foot

Pronation – the medial rotation of the hand or foot

Elevation – upwards movement

Depression – downwards movement

Rotation – circular movement along the axis

Circumduction – circular movement around the axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the thoracic cage made up of? (5)

A

The vertebrae

Intervertebral discs

Ribs

Sternum

Costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of the thoracic cage?(2)

A

Muscle attachment

Protection of the viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What structure is the thoracic cage related to?

A

The thoracic cage is related to the pectoral girdle – which is the scapula and clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain the two ways we can classify ribs. Also what ribs fall into these classifications.

A

We classify ribs in the following ways:

True, False and Floating – this is based on if they directly, indirectly or don’t attach to the sternum via their costal cartilage.

Ribs 11 and 12 are floating Ribs 8 – 10 are false

Ribs 1-7 are true

Atypical and typical – this is based on their structure

Ribs 1,2,10,11 and 12 are atypical

Ribs 3-9 are typical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Draw a labelled diagram of a typical rib. (2)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Draw labelled diagrams of typical thoracic vertebrae one in the superior view and another in the lateral view.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Draw 3 labelled diagrams showing how the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.

A
17
Q

Which ribs only articulate with one vertebra?

A

Ribs 1,11 and 12 of articulate with one vertebra facet

18
Q

Draw a diagram of the pectoralis major.

A
19
Q

Draw a diagram of pectoralis minor.

A
20
Q

What are the 3 muscles that make up the intercostal muscles?

A

External

Internal

Innermost

21
Q

Draw a diagram showing the intercostal muscles, and their innervations.

A
22
Q

Draw a diagram of the serratus anterior.

A
23
Q

What are the 7 different joints will you expect to find in the thoracic cage?

A

The joints you’d expect to find in the thoracic cage are:

Intervertebral – the joints between the vertebrae

Costovertebral – joints between the head of the ribs and the vertebral body

Costotransverse – joints between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebrae

Interchondral – joints between the costal cartilage

Costochondral – joints between the ribs and the costal cartilage

Sternocostal/sternochondral – joints between the costal cartilage and the sternum

Sternoclavicular – joints between the sternum and the clavicle

24
Q

What is the origin/proximal attachment of the pectoralis major?

A

The origin/proximal attachment of the pectoralis major is (Clavicle and sternum):

The medial half of the clavicleAnterior surface of the sternum

First 7 costal cartilages

Aponeurosis of the external oblique

25
Q

What is the insertion/distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

A

The insertion/distal attachment of the pectoralis major is the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus(humerus)

26
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?

A

The innervation of the pectoralis major the medial and lateral pectoral nerves.

27
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis major?

A

Adduction

Medial rotation

Flexion of the humerus at shoulder joint

28
Q

What is the origin/proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

A

The anterior surface of ribs 3,4 and 5

29
Q

What is the insertion/distal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

A

The insertion/distal attachment of the pectoralis minor is the coracoid process of the scapula.

30
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

A

Stabilises scapula

Depresses tip of the shoulder

Protract scapula

31
Q

What is the innervation of pectoralis minor?

A

The innervation the pectoralis minor is the medial pectoral nerve

32
Q

What is the origin/proximal attachment of serratus anterior?

A

The lateral anterior surfaces of ribs 1 to 8 (maybe 9)

33
Q

What is the insertion/distal attachment of the serratus anterior?

A

The insertion/distal attachment of the serratus anterior is the costal surface of the medial border of the scapula.

34
Q

What is the function of the serratus anterior?

A

the protraction of the scapula

Rotation of the scapula

Keeps the medial border opposed to the thoracic wall

35
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?

A

The innervation of the serratus anterior is the long thoracic nerve

36
Q

What arrangement would find the arteries, veins, and nerves in the subcostal groove?

A

The arrangement is, from top to bottom:

  1. Vein
  2. Artery
  3. Nerves
37
Q

What are the 2 arterial supplies of the thoracic cage?

A

Thoracic aorta which makes the posterior intercostal arteries

Subclavian which makes anterior intercostal arteries

102 - Theme 1 - Anatomy (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions