T1DM Flashcards
1
Q
what is T1DM?
A
a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, leading to absolute insulin deficiency
2
Q
what is the aetiology of T1DM?
A
- HLA (e.g. HLA-DR3-DQ2, HLA-DR4-DQ8)
- viral (e.g. coxsackievirus B)
- autoimmune (e.g. anti-GAD65, anti-IA-2, IAA)
3
Q
what are the symptoms of T1DM?
A
- lethargy
- vomiting
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- weight loss
4
Q
what are the investigations for T1DM?
A
- capillary blood glucose (e.g. BM)
- HbA1C
- autoantibody (e.g. GAD65, IA-2, IAA)
- c-peptide
- urinalysis (e.g. ketonuria)
- U&Es
- LFTs
- urine albumin-creatinine ratio (e.g. UACR)
- cholesterol/lipids
5
Q
what is the management of T1DM?
A
- insulin (e.g. basal-bolus, multiple daily injections (MDI), continuous infusion via a pump)
- continuous glucose monitoring (e.g. CGM)
6
Q
what are the target blood glucose levels for a patient with T1DM?
A
- fasting: 5-7 mmol/L
- pre-meal: 4-7 mmol/L
- post-meal: 5-9 mmol/L
7
Q
what are the acute complications of T1DM?
A
- hypoglycaemia
- DKA
