T1 | Part 1 Flashcards
Which rubs are often called the “floating Ribs”?
Ribs 11-12
Type 2 spondylolisthesis may be due to:
A stress fracture of the pars interarticularis
Type 3 spondylolisthesis may be due to
Facet degeneration at L4
Type 4 Spondylolisthesis may be due to:
Acute fracture through the bilateral Pedicles
Type 5 Spondyloslisthesis may be due to:
Metastatic bone tumor
How many pairs of IVD’s are located in the Spine?
23
Type 6 Spondyloslisthesis may be due to:
Previous laminectomy
What is the most common type of spondylethesis?
Type 2
T/F
The L2 and L3 anterior vertebral body height is typically 1-2mm taller than the posterior vertebral body height?
False
The mammillary process extends which direction and where?
Extends posteriorly from the SAP
Which is true regarding the accessory process in the lumbar spine?
A. It is an attachment point for the ligament I’m flavin
B. It is a large midline structure
C. It is an attachment point for the mammillary-accessory ligament
D. It is an important point of contact for chiropractic adjustments
C. It is an attachment point for the mammillary-accessory ligament
T/F
L5 has the widest interpediculate distance.
True
T/F
The pars interarticulatris in an “isthmus” of bone between the SAP/IAP.
True
What region is outlined in Yellow?
Lateral Recess
What is the atlantodental space?
Rupture of the transverse
T/F
Lumbar TP’s are widest at L5?
False
Widest at L3
Cervical facet joints form a __________ degree angle with the horizontal plane?
45 degrees
Thoracic facet joints form a __________ degree angle with the horizontal plane.
60 degrees
Lumbar facet joints form a ________ degree angle with the horizontal plane
90 degrees
T/F
Lumbar superior facets face anterior and lateral
False
Face posterior and medial
Which of the following statements about lumbar facets if False?
A. Upper lumbar facets are sagitally oriented
B. Lower lumbar facets are coronally oriented
C. Superior facts face posterior and medial
D. They are oriented 45 degrees to the transverse plane
D. oriented 45 degrees to the transverse plane
T/F
Thoracic superior facets are oriented posterior, superior, and lateral.
True
The _________ spinous processes are the most imbricated.
T5-T8
How many facets are present on a typical thoracic vertebrae?
10
T/F
Thoracic spine transverse processes decrease in size form T1-T12
True
T/F
Ribs 11 and 12 only articulate with vertebrae, not the sternum?
True
Which is False regarding Unicinate Process?
A. They are located at the superior end plates
B. Located at the anterior 1/3 of the superior end plate
C. They articulate with the semi-lunar facets
B. Located at the anterior 1/3 of the superior end plate
T/F
Cervical pedicles are oriented 45 degrees to the Sagittarius plane.
True
Which fo the following true regarding TPS
A. Oriented 60 degrees to the sagital plane.
B.
C.
D.
A.
What is the minimum AP dimension of the spinal cancel at C1?
16
T/F
Torts ration states that the central canal should measure at least 80% of the AP vertebral body dimension.
True
Which cervical segment has a parts inarticularis?
C2
T/F
The facet joints at L4-L5 are oriented in a the coronal plane
True
T/F
The facet joints at L1-L2 are typically oriented in the Sagittarius plane.
True
The pedicles in the cervical spine project off the posterior vertebral body at a _______angle of the Sagittal plane.
45 Degrees
How many solid Osseo us segments are present in the adult spine? (Including sacrum and coccyx)
26
T/F
The SP’s from T1-T4 are the most imbricated.
False
The fovea dens of the atlas articulates with which structure?
Odontological process
T/F
The superior articles facets of C5 face posterior and inferior.
False
They face superior
Scleratomes proliferate from the left and right pairs of ___________
Somites
The segmental scleratomes surround the ___________
Notochord
What is an intersegmental Scleratome?
When the upper and lower half of the segmental Scleratome separate and join the adjacent segmental Scleratome
Match the associated structures:
A. B.
Notochord Spinal cord.
Somite Sclerotome
Neural Tube Nucleus pulposis of the disc
Notochord-Nucleus pulposis of the disc
Somite-Sclerotome
Neural tube-Spinal Cord
How many chondrification centers are present at each spinal level?
4
A hemivertebra is most likely caused by a problem with the development of which of the following structures?
Somite
Which of the following anomalies occur as a result of the notochord remaining within the vertebral body?
Butterfly vertebra
Which of the following tissue gives rise to the notochord?
Mesoderm
Which of the following cells/structures are derived from somites?
Sclertome
True/False: There are 3 primary ossification centers in the typical vertebra; 1 for the vertebral body and 2 for the posterior arch
True
True/False: The ectoderm ultimately gives rise to the gastrointestinal tract
False
At what angle do the Pericles in the cervical spine project from the vertebral body (relative to the Sagittal plane)?
45 degrees
Which of the following is true regarding the inferior vertebral body endplates?
Convex from side to side (left to right)
*Also concave from A-P
The facet joints in the cervical spine create a ____ degree angle to the _______ plane
45 and transverse
True/False.
The inferior Articular facets at T12 face medial 20 degrees
False
The facet joints in the thoracic spine generally form a ______ degree angle to the horizontal/transverse plane?
60
How many facets are present on a typical thoracic vertebra?
10
True/False:
the anterior and posterior vertebral body heights in the thoracic spine should by equal. if the anterior height is shorter than the posterior height, you should be suspicious of a compression fracture
False
Describe the shape of the typical vertebral body in the mid-thoracic spine
-Anterior height typically 1-2mm shorter
-Heart shaped vertebral body
-Mild concavity of the front, sides, and back of vertebral body
Which of the following represent the t-spine levels which have the most imbricated spinous processes?
T5-8
The facet joints at L1/2 are typically oriented in which plane of the body?
Sagittal plane
The anterior vertebral body height is typically shorter than the posterior vertebrae l body height at which of the following segments?
L1 and L2
Which direction do the facets of the superior Articular processes face in the lumbar spine?
Posterior;medial
Which of the following segments typically has the longest transverse process in the lumbar spine?
L3
True/False:
The classification system which describes the various causes/types of spondyolisthesis is referred to as the Meyerding system?
False
Match the appropriate names and types of spondylothesis
-Type 1: Congenital
-Type 2: Isthmic/lytic
-Type 3: Degenerative
-Type 4: Traumatic
-Type 5: Pathologic
-Type 6: Latrogenic
What is the most common cause of pars fractures?
Stress fracture during adolescence
