T1 - Metals and non - metals, alkali metals, group 7 and group 0 Flashcards
What happens when metal atom’s react?
When metal atoms react, they lose electron(s) from their outer shell. This creates ions with a positive charge.
What are the properties of metals?
Malleable
High melting and boiling points
Conductors of heat and electricity
Shiny
Sonorous
Very strong (as the ions are held together by metallic bonds)
What are the properties of non - metals?
Brittle
Low melting and boiling points
Poor conductors of electricity
Dull
Low densities
What is a catalyst?
A substance that can speed up a chemical reaction without being used up.
Many transition metals can be used as catalysts.
What are the transition metals?
Transition metals are found in the center of the periodic table. They have typical metal properties , however they can have more than one ion, are often coloured and make are good catalysts.
What are group 1 elements called?
What are the properties of these metals?
Alkali metals.
They are soft, have a low density and are very reactive as they only have one electron in the outer shell .
What are the trends for alkali metals as you go down group 1?
Increased reactivity - the outer electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases because the electron is further away from the nucleus the further down the group you go.
Lower melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass
How do alkali metals react with water?
Alkali metals react vigorously with water to produce metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
How do alkali metals react with chlorine?
Alkali metals react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas to form white metal chloride salts.
How do alkali metals react with oxygen?
They form a metal oxide.
Lithium = lithium oxide
Sodium = A mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide.
Potassium = A mixture of potassium peroxide and potassium superoxide.
What are the trends as you go down group 7?
The halogens become less reactive as it’s harder to gain an extra electron because the outer shell’s further from the nucleus.
Higher melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic masses.
What are group 7 elements?
Group 7 elements are called halogens.
They exist as diatomic molecules as each molecule consists of 2 atoms.
The two atoms are joined by a covalent bond which allows each atom to share an electron, giving each atom a full outer shell.
What colours are the halogens?
Fluorine - Very reactive poisonous yellow gas.
Chlorine - Fairly reactive, poisonous dense green gas.
Bromine - Dense, poisonous, red - brown volatile liquid.
Iodine - dark grey crystalline solid or a purple vapour.
What happens in a chemical rection with halogens?
More reactive halogens will displace less reactive ones.
What are the group 0 elements called?
Noble gases.
