T1 - Introductory Pharmacology

Question 1

What is a drug?

Answer 1

Any chemical which affects physiological function in a specific way

Question 2

What is Pharmacology?

Answer 2

The study of the way things is altered by chemical agents

Question 3

What is Toxicology?

Answer 3

The study of toxic or harmful effects of chemicals, their mechanisms and conditions of occurrence.

Question 4

What is Therapeutics?

Answer 4

The branch of medicine concerned with the use of drugs to treat a disease or its symptoms.

Question 5

What is the Generic drug name?

Answer 5

Officially approved, abbreviated chemical name

Question 6

What does the drug ending PRIL suggest?

Answer 6

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

Block synthesis of vasoconstrictor peptide Angiotensin 11

Question 7

What is deadly NIghtshade a source of ?

Answer 7

atropine

Question 8

What is Opium Poppy a source of?

Answer 8

Morphine

Question 9

What was the first source of Insulin?

Answer 9

Pig Pancreas

Question 10

What is Haemolytic Bacteria a source of?

Answer 10

Streptokinase

Question 11

What is streptokinase?

Answer 11

Cheap drug used to dissolve blood clots

Question 12

What are synthetic derivatives?

Answer 12

At first simple chemical modifications of natural chemicals extracted from tissues

Question 13

What did Ephedrine pave way for in chemical synthesis?

Answer 13

Ephedrine paved way for development of Bronchodilator drug salbutamol.

Question 14

What does drug classification on the basis of action on a molecular target require knowledge of?

Answer 14

Nature of molecular site

Nature of drug’s interaction with that site

Question 15

What are most important forces of attraction in drug binding?

Answer 15

Ionic Bonds - can be reversed

H Bonds and Van der Wals also contribute

Question 16

Why are covalent bonds generally not involved in drug binding?

Answer 16

Tend to be so strong that almost irreversible and drug would be permanently bonded

Question 17

What is the ‘ideal’ drug?

Answer 17

Only interacts with specific molecular target in a particular tissue to cause desired therapeutic effect in that tissue.

Question 18

Are drugs selective or specific in Practice?

Answer 18

Selective

Unwanted effects are coonmon

Question 19

What can happen a drug is present at higher concentrations ?

Answer 19

Drug might interact with alternative molecular targets to cause undesired effects.

Question 20

What are the molecular targets for Drug Action?

Answer 20

Proteins - Ion channels. membrane transporter proteins, enzymes, non- cellular proteins, receptors
Nuclei acids
Miscellaneous targets

Question 21

What do Allosteric Modulators do?

Answer 21

Cause shape change in channel protein on binding elsewhere on the protein.
Influences time of which gate is open
Inhibitor: less ions can enter, decreased response
Facilitator: more ions can enter, increased response

Question 22

What drugs target ion channels?

Answer 22

Blockers
Allosteric Modulators
- inhibitors
- facilitators

Question 23

What drugs target membrane Transporter?

Answer 23

Inhibitor

False Substrate

Question 24

What drugs target enzymes?

Answer 24

Inhibitors

Pro drugs

Question 25

How to enzyme inhibitors work?

Answer 25

Bind to substrate site or allosteric regulatory site or disrupt enzyme integrity

Question 26

What do pro drugs require?

Answer 26

First require conversion by enzyme from an inactive form to active form.

Question 27

Example of Non - cellular protein targets

Answer 27

Antibodies to inflammatory protein modulators

Question 28

What is Heparin?

Answer 28

Anti - coagulant drug

Question 29

What is Cis -Platin

Answer 29

Anti Cancer drug which covalently cross link DNA, prevent replication, transcription and DNA Repair

Question 30

What is antacids?

Answer 30

Neutralise Gastric Acid for acid indigestion and heartburn