T1 - Introductory Pharmacology Flashcards
What is a drug?
Any chemical which affects physiological function in a specific way
What is Pharmacology?
The study of the way things is altered by chemical agents
What is Toxicology?
The study of toxic or harmful effects of chemicals, their mechanisms and conditions of occurrence.
What is Therapeutics?
The branch of medicine concerned with the use of drugs to treat a disease or its symptoms.
What is the Generic drug name?
Officially approved, abbreviated chemical name
What does the drug ending PRIL suggest?
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Block synthesis of vasoconstrictor peptide Angiotensin 11
What is deadly NIghtshade a source of ?
atropine
What is Opium Poppy a source of?
Morphine
What was the first source of Insulin?
Pig Pancreas
What is Haemolytic Bacteria a source of?
Streptokinase
What is streptokinase?
Cheap drug used to dissolve blood clots
What are synthetic derivatives?
At first simple chemical modifications of natural chemicals extracted from tissues
What did Ephedrine pave way for in chemical synthesis?
Ephedrine paved way for development of Bronchodilator drug salbutamol.
What does drug classification on the basis of action on a molecular target require knowledge of?
Nature of molecular site
Nature of drug’s interaction with that site
What are most important forces of attraction in drug binding?
Ionic Bonds - can be reversed
H Bonds and Van der Wals also contribute
Why are covalent bonds generally not involved in drug binding?
Tend to be so strong that almost irreversible and drug would be permanently bonded
What is the ‘ideal’ drug?
Only interacts with specific molecular target in a particular tissue to cause desired therapeutic effect in that tissue.
Are drugs selective or specific in Practice?
Selective
Unwanted effects are coonmon
What can happen a drug is present at higher concentrations ?
Drug might interact with alternative molecular targets to cause undesired effects.
What are the molecular targets for Drug Action?
Proteins - Ion channels. membrane transporter proteins, enzymes, non- cellular proteins, receptors
Nuclei acids
Miscellaneous targets
What do Allosteric Modulators do?
Cause shape change in channel protein on binding elsewhere on the protein.
Influences time of which gate is open
Inhibitor: less ions can enter, decreased response
Facilitator: more ions can enter, increased response
What drugs target ion channels?
Blockers
Allosteric Modulators
- inhibitors
- facilitators
What drugs target membrane Transporter?
Inhibitor
False Substrate
What drugs target enzymes?
Inhibitors
Pro drugs
How to enzyme inhibitors work?
Bind to substrate site or allosteric regulatory site or disrupt enzyme integrity
What do pro drugs require?
First require conversion by enzyme from an inactive form to active form.
Example of Non - cellular protein targets
Antibodies to inflammatory protein modulators
What is Heparin?
Anti - coagulant drug
What is Cis -Platin
Anti Cancer drug which covalently cross link DNA, prevent replication, transcription and DNA Repair
What is antacids?
Neutralise Gastric Acid for acid indigestion and heartburn
