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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY > T1 INTRODUCTION TO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: THE PLANT BODY > Flashcards

T1 INTRODUCTION TO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: THE PLANT BODY Flashcards

1
Q

What type of oganisims are plants?

A

Plants are multicellular eukaryotic organism

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2
Q

In reference to their nutrition plants are…

A

photosynthetic with primary plastids

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3
Q

In reference to their reproduction plants have….

A

multicellular reproductive organs

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4
Q

Among generations plants suffer….

A

alterations

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5
Q

In the biosphere plants are…

A

an oxygen source and the primary producers of the biosphere.

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6
Q

Processes of the life cycle of plants?

A
  • Raising resources
  • Growth and development
  • Metabolism
  • Reproduction and senescence
  • Interaction with the enviroment
  • Responses to abiotic factors
  • Responses to biotic factors
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7
Q

The shape of the plant is related to…

A

the enviroment and the funtion of the plant.

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8
Q

Funtion is always related to…

A

morphology.

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9
Q

Levels of the plants?

A

MOLECULAR - CELULAR - TISSUE - ORGANS - SYSTEMIC

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10
Q

Classification of land plants?

A
  • NONVASCULAR BRYOPHYTES (most simple)
  • VASCULAR SEEDLESS PLANTS
  • VASCULAR SEED PLANTS
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11
Q

What are the 2 groups of plants that form part of the vascular seed plants group?

A

Gymnosperms
Angiosperm (with fruit)

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12
Q

Angiosperm can classify in?

A

Dicot
Monocot

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13
Q

Characteristics of dicots?

A

Seed and leefs roundish, one big root with subroots, flowers with petals of 5 or multiples

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14
Q

Characteristics of monocots?

A

Seed and leefs elongated, al the root come from the center and there is not a main one,flowers with petals of 3 or multiples

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15
Q

The seed at first do not do the photosynthesis because it do not have chloroplasts, when germination starst it grows feeding it self with…

A

the substance inside the COTYLEDONS, that ate storage tissue with resources and nutrients dor the embryo growth.

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16
Q

Specific characteristics of plant cells?

A
  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Sessile (attached but they move)
  3. Anchored to the substrate
  4. Transport System (Vascular tissue)
  5. Transpiration
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17
Q

What is the transpiration?

A

Is the uppgrad movement of the water that goes from the root to the leefs and mantain the movement upwards.

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18
Q

Parts of the chloroplasts?

A
  • Double menbrane
  • Stroma
  • Grana
  • Thylakoid lumen
  • Lamellaed thylacoids
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19
Q

What are the types of plastids and what do they almacene?

A
  1. Proplast
  2. Elaioplasts (fats)
  3. Proteoplasts (proteins)
  4. Amyloplasts (almidon)
  5. Chromoplasts (carotenoids)
  6. Chloroplasts (chlorofille)
  7. Etioplasts (in the dark)
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20
Q

The plastids can change between one and other depending on the…

A

enviroment

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21
Q

All the changes between plastids are…

A

reversible

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22
Q

What are the 2 pathways?

A
  1. Symplastic pathway (throw the cytoplasm using the plasmodesmata)
  2. Apoplastic pathway (cell wall, throw middle lamella)
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23
Q

What is the basic structure of plants? And the funtion of them?

A
  • Leaves (photosynthetisis)
  • Stem (support)
  • Root (fixing, and water nutrient absorption)
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24
Q

The plant divide in 2 areas:

A
  1. Aereal part
  2. Root system
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25
Q

The aereal part is form by…

A

metamers and the shoot apical meristem

26
Q

Parts of the metamers

A
  1. Node
  2. Internode
  3. Leaf
27
Q

In the roots are also…

A

simpler metamers

28
Q

The meristems are….

A

a pulse of cells that are dividing and creating the plant.

29
Q

Main meristems?

A
  • Shoot apical meristem
  • Root apical meristem (has a protective membrane)
30
Q

The apical or primary meristems form the…

A

primary body

31
Q

The axillary buds t+determine the…

A

plant shape and heigh

32
Q

What form the lateral roots?

33
Q

What are the parts of the root?

A
  • Maturation zone
  • Elongation zone
  • Meristematic zone (root apical meristem)
34
Q

In the end of the root is the…

A

root cap to protect the root apical meristem.

35
Q

The maturation zone creates…

A

root hairs

36
Q

The lateral roots come form the…. and it breaks all the layers to come out, they will have its own…

A

pericycle / root apical meristem.

37
Q

Parts of the stem?

A
  • Heartwood
  • Sapwood
  • Bark (Living phloem) (vascular cambium)
  • Periderm (cork cambium)
  • Cork
38
Q

Lateral or secondary meristems are responsable for the…

A

secondary growth that is the growth of the plant.

39
Q

The cork cambium or peridermis is a…

A

protective tissue

40
Q

In what 3 categories divide the tissue system?

A
  • Dermic tissue system
  • Ground tissue system
  • Vascular tissue system
41
Q

The dermic tissue system is the…

A

outer plant layer

42
Q

The dermic tissue system divides in?

A
  1. Epidermal cell
  2. Trichome
  3. Guard cell
  4. Cork cell
43
Q

The epidermal cell are…

A

relatively unespecialized cell with thin primary wall, and the outer wall thcker and rounded by cuticle.

44
Q

The trichome can be…

A

single celled or multicellular, variaty of size and shapes, they are specialized epidermal cells.

45
Q

The guard cell is a cell…

A

containing chloroplasts that is produce in pairs, form estomata.

46
Q

Cork cell are…

A

dead in madurity, cell walls impregnated with waterproof material name suberin.

47
Q

The gruond tissue system …

A

conducts eater and solutes through the plant, als perfoms photosinthesis, stores photosynthetic products and mechanical support.

48
Q

The ground tissue system divides in…

A
  • Parenchyma cells
  • Primary cell walls
  • Sclerenchyma cells
49
Q

The parenchyma cells are found…

A

throught the body and are most common

50
Q

The primary cell walls are…

A

extremely flexible structural tissua that provides support in soft, non-woody plant organs.

51
Q

The sclerenchyma cells are in the…

A

primary and secondary wall, they are thick and firm, often dead cells in madurity, also conducts water and solutes through the plant.

52
Q

The vascular tissue systems carries…

A

photosynthesis, stores photosynthetic products and mechanical support

53
Q

The vascular tissue system divides in…

A
  • Xylem
  • Phloem
54
Q

Structure of the leaf?

A
  • Upper epidermis with cuticle
  • Mesophyll (palisade parenchyma and vascular tissue)
  • Lower epidermis with stomata and cuticle.
55
Q

In the leef cells are more organize in the…

A

top for efecticely catching light, and not in the bottom for the gas exchange throw the stomata.

56
Q

Structure of the stem?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Ground tissue (cortex and pith)
  • Vascular tissue
  • Vascular cambium
57
Q

Structure of the root?

A
  • Root hairs
  • Epidermis
  • Ground tissue (cortex, peicycle)
  • Endodermis
  • Vascular system
58
Q

The endodermis is a way to …

A

control what comes inside the metaxylem.

59
Q

Differences in the organization of tissue system between dicot and monocot?

A

stem dicot - irregular
Root dicot - cros
Stem monocot - circular
Root monocot - 2 circle

60
Q

The stem of monocot do not have…

A

vascular cambium (no secondary growrh)

61
Q

C4 plants have the tissue system organize…

A

in circle around veins.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1 decks)

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