T1 HISTORY (1)

Question 1

How can we avoid anpther war?

Answer 1

Three questions (schools) in evidence:
Germany was to blame
capitalism was to blame
nationalism was to blame

Question 2

germany was to blame

Answer 2

Morgenthau plan of 1944 - we should turn germany into a backward country based on agriculture , putting reparations ( payments) for germany by france and britain

Question 3

Capitalism was to blame

Answer 3

Marxism - leninism blamed - it suggested that communism is the solution

Question 4

Nationalism is to blame

Answer 4

• the solution was tighter integretion in EU - this school famous statement made i n1946 “ US of Europe “ by Winston Churchill

Question 5

germany and Austria was divided into

Answer 5

US,UK, French and soviet zones

Question 6

soviet union…

Answer 6

started usage of the second school - communism as a solution

Question 7

What lead to the cold war? what it caused?

Answer 7

Rejection of communism by america nad britain
results:
UK,US amd French zones merged in 1947/48 ( defining moment of EU integration !)
Blocade of Berlin in 1948
Establishing The federal republic of germany in 1949

Question 8

how cold war was a key driver of European economic integration?

Answer 8

its forced countries to take the thinkimg of third school to beat communism of soviet plans - turned out to integration against the bigger threat.

Question 9

FR of Germany was lead by

Answer 9

UK,US and France

Question 10

soviet part of Berlin was called

Answer 10

German democratic republic

Question 11

OEEC

Answer 11

Organization for European Economics Cooperation
started with 13 members EU members
reduction of intra european ttade barriers and intra european system of payments - EPU

Question 12

EPU

Answer 12

European Payments Union - porogramme which massively liberalized trade flows inside europe

Question 13

how to resist communism?

Answer 13

Marshall plan and OEEC

Question 14

marshall plan

Answer 14

get the chance for real integration
financial assistance from US in condition ocommon agreement on programme of economic reconstruction
april 1948 - 1952
12 bln spent - half of this on UK France and West Germany

Question 15

what did OEEC with trade?

Answer 15

because of US pressure the OEEC removed quantitative trade restrictions among members.this trade liberalization was important

Question 16

why trade liberalization by OEEC was important?

Answer 16

rapid growth in trade and income
shifted mindsets - now eurpopeans leaders see that it is more economical not political - it is not viewed as a competition anymore ( not as in first world war - during protectionism)

Question 17

first world war - protectionism

Answer 17

trade barriers - central role protecting own barriers for its own industralists

Question 18

spanish civil war

Answer 18

1936- 1939

Question 19

what political system in Spain?

Answer 19

autocracy economic regime+ dictator

Question 20

spain was moving in

Answer 20

opposite direction than europe:
state intervention of the economy
import substitution
exchange rate control

Question 21

spain was out of… funds

Answer 21

Marshall Plan

Question 22

two strands of European integration

Answer 22

Federalism and intergovernmentalism

Question 23

Federalism and intergovernmentalism

Answer 23

disagreement about depth of European integration

Question 24

intergovernmentalism

Answer 24

the ones which want to make the integration more decentralized - nations retain all sovereignty
dominated in post war
britain the main country

OEEC
council of europe
court of human rights
European free trade area (EFTA)

Question 25

Federalism

Answer 25

supranational institutions
ECSC - the six (Belgium,The Netherlands,Luxemburg,France,Germany,
Italy) place their coal and steel sectors under the control of supranational authority
first big step - Schuman plan in 1952 - due to it - ECSC

EEC -European Economic Community - six commited to form a customs union,promise free trade labour mobility, capital market integration,free trade in services and a range of common policies.

Question 26

what about spain and portugal?

Answer 26

pro integration federalists