T1 HISTORY (1) Flashcards
How can we avoid anpther war?
Three questions (schools) in evidence:
Germany was to blame
capitalism was to blame
nationalism was to blame
germany was to blame
Morgenthau plan of 1944 - we should turn germany into a backward country based on agriculture , putting reparations ( payments) for germany by france and britain
Capitalism was to blame
Marxism - leninism blamed - it suggested that communism is the solution
Nationalism is to blame
- the solution was tighter integretion in EU - this school famous statement made i n1946 “ US of Europe “ by Winston Churchill
germany and Austria was divided into
US,UK, French and soviet zones
soviet union…
started usage of the second school - communism as a solution
What lead to the cold war? what it caused?
Rejection of communism by america nad britain
results:
UK,US amd French zones merged in 1947/48 ( defining moment of EU integration !)
Blocade of Berlin in 1948
Establishing The federal republic of germany in 1949
how cold war was a key driver of European economic integration?
its forced countries to take the thinkimg of third school to beat communism of soviet plans - turned out to integration against the bigger threat.
FR of Germany was lead by
UK,US and France
soviet part of Berlin was called
German democratic republic
OEEC
Organization for European Economics Cooperation
started with 13 members EU members
reduction of intra european ttade barriers and intra european system of payments - EPU
EPU
European Payments Union - porogramme which massively liberalized trade flows inside europe
how to resist communism?
Marshall plan and OEEC
marshall plan
get the chance for real integration
financial assistance from US in condition ocommon agreement on programme of economic reconstruction
april 1948 - 1952
12 bln spent - half of this on UK France and West Germany
what did OEEC with trade?
because of US pressure the OEEC removed quantitative trade restrictions among members.this trade liberalization was important
why trade liberalization by OEEC was important?
rapid growth in trade and income
shifted mindsets - now eurpopeans leaders see that it is more economical not political - it is not viewed as a competition anymore ( not as in first world war - during protectionism)
first world war - protectionism
trade barriers - central role protecting own barriers for its own industralists
spanish civil war
1936- 1939
what political system in Spain?
autocracy economic regime+ dictator
spain was moving in
opposite direction than europe:
state intervention of the economy
import substitution
exchange rate control
spain was out of… funds
Marshall Plan
two strands of European integration
Federalism and intergovernmentalism
Federalism and intergovernmentalism
disagreement about depth of European integration
intergovernmentalism
the ones which want to make the integration more decentralized - nations retain all sovereignty
dominated in post war
britain the main country
OEEC
council of europe
court of human rights
European free trade area (EFTA)
