T1 Energy and respiration Flashcards
ATP function
transports chemical energy within the cell for use in metabolic processes
cellular respiration
set of metabolic reactions that convert biochemical energy into ATP
ATP
adenosine triphostphate
3 components of ATP
purine base (adenine) pentose sugar (ribose) 3 * phosphate groups
where do the 3 phosphate groups in atp attach?
on the 5’ carbon of the pentose sugar
process by which energy is released from ATP
ATP hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate which is usually coupled to another cellular reaction to which energy is transferred
why does ATP release so much energy
the bonds between the phosphate groups contain electrons in a high energy state which store a large amount of energy
energy is released in formation of bonds through the hydrolysis reaction rather than breaking of bonds between phosphates.
end products of ATP hydrolysis
ADP and Pi
adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate
mitochondrion membrane
double membrane
inner and outer membranes are separated by intermembrane space
inner membranes are folded for large reaction surface
where are amine oxidases found on the mitochondrion
on the outer membrane surface
where are phosphorylases found on the mitochondrion
between inner and outer membranes
cristae
inner membranes of mitochondrion
where are ATP synthases found on the mitochondrion
on the cristae
where are soluble enzymes for krebs cycle and fatty acid regulation found on the mitochondrion
in the matrix
matrix on the mitochondrion
space within the inner membrane
what processes are ATP used for
active transport (eg. phagocytosis)
cell division (mitosis)
binary fission in bacteria
temperature regulation
what catalyses the hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate on ATP
ATPase enzyme
ADP
low energy molecule that can be recharged by adding a phosphate
ATP hydrolysis process
water is split and added to the terminal phosphate to produce inorganic phosphate and ADP
energy released for every mole of ATP hydrolysed
30.7 KJ from the formation of chemical bonds
why are ATP phosphate bonds referred to as high energy bonds
as the covalent bonds contain electrons in a high energy state (therefore meaning bonds are relatively weak)
less energy required to break the bonds
when intermediates combine and form new bonds, much energy released
final product reactivity relative to reactants
final product is less reactive than reactants`
where does cellular respiration take place in the cell?
in the cytoplasm/mitochondria
