T1 - Chemical/Physical Properties Flashcards
Four states of matter
solid, liquid, gas and plasma
Matter is
a term used to describe all objects inthe universe.
It is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space
What are the and examples of combinations of substances ?
Example 1: Styrofoam is a solid plastic with trapped air.
Example 2: Bubbles in a bubble bath are liquid films of soap with trapped air inside.
What is a pure substance ? What its unique properties ?
- A pure substance is made of only one kind of particle.
- It has a unique set of properties, such as colour, hardness, constant boiling point and melting point
What are elements? Ex ?
Elements are made of one type of particle and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Examples: Gold, oxygen, iron.
What are compounds? Ex ?
Compounds are made from two or more elements chemically combined.
Examples: Water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), salt (NaCl).
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a combination of pure substances that do not combine chemically. The substances remain in their original form.
There are 4 types
Types of mixtures
Mechanical, Suspension, Solution and Colloids
What are mechanical mixtures? Ex ?
The substances in a mechanical mixture are visible. These mixtures are heterogeneous.
Examples: Soil, chocolate chip cookies.
What are suspensions? Ex ?
Tiny particles of one substance are held within another to form a cloudy mixture. The particles can be separated through filtration. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures.
Example: Tomato juice.
What are solutions? Ex ?
The substances in a solution are not individually visible. One substance is dissolved in another. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures.
Examples: Tea, sugar in coffee, vinegar.
What are colloids? Ex ?
Colloids are similar to suspensions, but the suspended particles cannot be easily separated.
Examples: Shaving cream, smoke.
What is the definition of a physical property?
A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its composition.
What are some examples of physical properties?
Name at list 4
- Colour
- Melting/freezing point
- Density
- Solubility
- Ductility (ability to stretch)
- Boiling/condensation point
- Conductivity
- Malleability (ability to be beaten into sheets)
- Crystal formation
- Magnetism
What is the definition of a chemical property?
A chemical property is a characteristic that describes how a substance reacts when it changes into a new substance.
What causes a chemical change to occur?
Chemical changes can occur when a substance interacts with other substances or when exposed to heat or light.
What are some examples of chemical properties?
Name at least 3
- Behaviour in air
- Combustibility
- Reaction to heat
- Behaviour in water
- Flash point
- Reaction with acids
- Reaction to red/blue litmus paper
What is a physical change?
- A physical change affects the form of a substance but does not change its chemical composition.
- Physical changes often involve a change in physical properties.
Can physical changes be reversed?
Yes, physical changes can often be reversed.
What are examples of physical changes?
Name at least 3
- Melting
- Transition to a gas
- Freezing of a liquid
- Change in shape
- Change in size
- Change in volume
What is a chemical change?
A chemical change always results in the formation of a new substance with different properties.
What are the indicators of a chemical change?
Name at least 2
- Energy is released or absorbed
- Colour change occurs
- Bubbles of gas are formed
- Precipitate (solid) forms in a liquid
- The change is often difficult to reverse
