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DRUG EXAMPLES (PHARMA) > T1: CEPHALOSPORINS & TETRACYCLINES > Flashcards

T1: CEPHALOSPORINS & TETRACYCLINES Flashcards

1
Q

First discovered in seawater-fungus called cephalosporium acremonium

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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2
Q

Are bactericidal and act by attaching to penicillin binding proteins to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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3
Q

Have a beta lactam ring that is mostly responsible for their antimicrobial activity.

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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4
Q

The primary therapeutic use as a class is for gram negative infection and the clients who can’t tolerate the less expensive penicillin

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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5
Q

Effective against gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and resistant to beta lactamase (an enzyme that acts against the beta lactam structure of penicillin)

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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6
Q

Cause bacteria cell lysis and bacterial cell dies.

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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7
Q

Most effective against gram positive bacteria (streptococci, and most staphylococci).
Effective against most gram-negative bacteria (E. Coli, species of Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella and Shigella)

A

FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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8
Q

Therapeutic Indication: respiratory tract (strep pneumonia) otitis media and skin infection

A

FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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9
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)

A

FIRST GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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10
Q

Cefazolin sodium (Ancef, kefzol)

A

FIRST GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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11
Q

Cefadroxil (duricef)

A

FIRST GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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12
Q

Cephapirin (cefadyl)

A

FIRST GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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13
Q
  • More potent, more resistant to beta lactamase, and exhibit a broader spectrum against gram negative organisms (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhea, Neisseria meningitidis and several anaerobic organisms) than the first-generation drugs.
  • Less effective against Gram-positive bacteria
A

SECOND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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14
Q

Cefaclor (ceclor)

A

SECOND GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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15
Q

Cefuroxime (ceftin, kefurox, zinacef)

A

SECOND GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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16
Q

Cefmetazole (Zefazone).

A

SECOND GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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17
Q

Have a longer duration of action than 2nd generation agents

A

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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18
Q

Broader spectrum against gram negative organisms, and are resistant to beta lactamase.

A

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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19
Q

Sometimes the drug of choice against infection by pseudomonas, klebsiella, neisseria, proteus, and haemophilus influenza.

A

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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20
Q

Less effective against gram positive bacteria.

A

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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21
Q

Cefixime (suprax)

A

3RD GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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22
Q

Cefdinir (Omnicef)

A

3RD GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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23
Q

Ceftriaxone (rocephin)

A

3RD GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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24
Q

Cefotaxime (claforan)

A

3RD GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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25
Q

Effective against organisms that have developed resistance to earlier cephalosporins.

A

FOURTH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

26
Q

are capable of entering the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to treat CNS infections.

A

3rd and 4th generation agents

27
Q

Effective against E.coli, klebsiella, Proteus, streptococci, certain staphylococci, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa

A

FOURTH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

28
Q

Cefepime (Maxipime)

A

4TH GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

29
Q

Acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, by binding to the bacterial ribosome and have a bacteriostatic effect

A

TETRACYCLINES

30
Q

Is isolated from Streptomyces Aureofaciens in 1948.

A

TETRACYCLINES

31
Q

The first broad spectrum antibiotics effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and many other organisms – mycobacteria, rickettsiae, spirochetes and clamydiae.

A

TETRACYCLINES

32
Q

Demeclocycline (Dectomycin)

A

Example of Tetracycline Drugs

33
Q

Doxycycline (Vibramycine, others)

A

Example of Tetracycline Drugs

34
Q

Minocycline (rondomycine)

A

Example of Tetracycline Drugs

35
Q

Tetracycline (Achromycine, others)

A

Example of Tetracycline Drugs

36
Q

Tigecycline (Tigacil)

A

Example of Tetracycline Drugs

37
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Spread through infected tick.

38
Q

Cholera

A

Severe diarrhea

39
Q

Lyme disease

A

Black-legged tick

40
Q

Peptic ulcers

A

Caused by helicopter pylori

41
Q

Chlamydial infection

42
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome

A

MACROLIDES

43
Q

Bind to the bacterial cell ribosomes and change or alter protein production/function leading to impaired cell metabolism and division

A

MACROLIDES

44
Q

Effective against most gram positive and many gram negative species

A

MACROLIDES

45
Q

Indicated for the pharmacological treatment of respiratory disorders

A

MACROLIDES

46
Q

Safe alternative to penicillin

A

MACROLIDES

47
Q

Azithromycin (Zithromax) – 3-4 DAYS (5 days w/ covid)

A

Example of Macrolides Drugs

48
Q

Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

A

Example of Macrolides Drugs

49
Q

Dirithromycin (Dynabac)

A

Example of Macrolides Drugs

50
Q

Erythromycin (E-mycin, Erythromycin)

A

Example of Macrolides Drugs

51
Q

has extended haft life that is administered only for 3 to 4 days

A

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

52
Q

the first macrolides, was derived from the
fungus-like bacteria Streptomyces erythreus in 1950.

A

Erythromycin

53
Q

For the treatment of Whooping cough, legionnaires disease and infection by streptococcus, H. influenza, and Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

INDICATIONS OF MACROLIDES

54
Q

Used against bacteria inside host cells such as listeria, chlamydia, dyptheria, pertussis, and gonorrhea

A

INDICATIONS OF MACROLIDES

55
Q

Are bactericidal and act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and causing synthesis of abnormal proteins.

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

56
Q

Reserved for serious systemic infections caused by aerobic gram negative bacteria.

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

57
Q

Sometimes administered concurrently with penicillin, for enterococci infection

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

58
Q

If used in a systemic viral infection, IV route (parenterally)

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

59
Q

First aminoclyosides and was named after
Streptomyces griseus, the soil organism from it was isolated in 1942.

A

STREPTOMYCIN

60
Q

Used to treat tuberculosis (now restained)

A

STREPTOMYCIN

61
Q

Drug of choice to treat tularemia and bubonic pneumonic forms of plaque

A

STREPTOMYCIN

DRUG EXAMPLES (PHARMA) (2 decks)

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