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DRUG EXAMPLES (PHARMA) > T1: CEPHALOSPORINS & TETRACYCLINES > Flashcards

T1: CEPHALOSPORINS & TETRACYCLINES Flashcards

1
Q

First discovered in seawater-fungus called cephalosporium acremonium

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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2
Q

Are bactericidal and act by attaching to penicillin binding proteins to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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3
Q

Have a beta lactam ring that is mostly responsible for their antimicrobial activity.

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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4
Q

The primary therapeutic use as a class is for gram negative infection and the clients who can’t tolerate the less expensive penicillin

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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5
Q

Effective against gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and resistant to beta lactamase (an enzyme that acts against the beta lactam structure of penicillin)

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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6
Q

Cause bacteria cell lysis and bacterial cell dies.

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

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7
Q

Most effective against gram positive bacteria (streptococci, and most staphylococci).
Effective against most gram-negative bacteria (E. Coli, species of Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella and Shigella)

A

FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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8
Q

Therapeutic Indication: respiratory tract (strep pneumonia) otitis media and skin infection

A

FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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9
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)

A

FIRST GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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10
Q

Cefazolin sodium (Ancef, kefzol)

A

FIRST GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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11
Q

Cefadroxil (duricef)

A

FIRST GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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12
Q

Cephapirin (cefadyl)

A

FIRST GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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13
Q
  • More potent, more resistant to beta lactamase, and exhibit a broader spectrum against gram negative organisms (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhea, Neisseria meningitidis and several anaerobic organisms) than the first-generation drugs.
  • Less effective against Gram-positive bacteria
A

SECOND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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14
Q

Cefaclor (ceclor)

A

SECOND GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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15
Q

Cefuroxime (ceftin, kefurox, zinacef)

A

SECOND GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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16
Q

Cefmetazole (Zefazone).

A

SECOND GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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17
Q

Have a longer duration of action than 2nd generation agents

A

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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18
Q

Broader spectrum against gram negative organisms, and are resistant to beta lactamase.

A

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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19
Q

Sometimes the drug of choice against infection by pseudomonas, klebsiella, neisseria, proteus, and haemophilus influenza.

A

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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20
Q

Less effective against gram positive bacteria.

A

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

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21
Q

Cefixime (suprax)

A

3RD GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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22
Q

Cefdinir (Omnicef)

A

3RD GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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23
Q

Ceftriaxone (rocephin)

A

3RD GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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24
Q

Cefotaxime (claforan)

A

3RD GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS

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25
Effective against organisms that have developed resistance to earlier cephalosporins.
FOURTH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS
26
are capable of entering the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to treat CNS infections.
3rd and 4th generation agents
27
Effective against E.coli, klebsiella, Proteus, streptococci, certain staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
FOURTH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS
28
Cefepime (Maxipime)
4TH GEN. CEPHALOSPORINS
29
Acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, by binding to the bacterial ribosome and have a bacteriostatic effect
TETRACYCLINES
30
Is isolated from Streptomyces Aureofaciens in 1948.
TETRACYCLINES
31
The first broad spectrum antibiotics effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and many other organisms – mycobacteria, rickettsiae, spirochetes and clamydiae.
TETRACYCLINES
32
Demeclocycline (Dectomycin)
Example of Tetracycline Drugs
33
Doxycycline (Vibramycine, others)
Example of Tetracycline Drugs
34
Minocycline (rondomycine)
Example of Tetracycline Drugs
35
Tetracycline (Achromycine, others)
Example of Tetracycline Drugs
36
Tigecycline (Tigacil)
Example of Tetracycline Drugs
37
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Spread through infected tick.
38
Cholera
Severe diarrhea
39
Lyme disease
Black-legged tick
40
Peptic ulcers
Caused by helicopter pylori
41
Chlamydial infection
STD
42
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome
MACROLIDES
43
Bind to the bacterial cell ribosomes and change or alter protein production/function leading to impaired cell metabolism and division
MACROLIDES
44
Effective against most gram positive and many gram negative species
MACROLIDES
45
Indicated for the pharmacological treatment of respiratory disorders
MACROLIDES
46
Safe alternative to penicillin
MACROLIDES
47
Azithromycin (Zithromax) – 3-4 DAYS (5 days w/ covid)
Example of Macrolides Drugs
48
Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
Example of Macrolides Drugs
49
Dirithromycin (Dynabac)
Example of Macrolides Drugs
50
Erythromycin (E-mycin, Erythromycin)
Example of Macrolides Drugs
51
has extended haft life that is administered only for 3 to 4 days
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
52
the first macrolides, was derived from the fungus-like bacteria Streptomyces erythreus in 1950.
Erythromycin
53
For the treatment of Whooping cough, legionnaires disease and infection by streptococcus, H. influenza, and Mycoplasma pneumonia
INDICATIONS OF MACROLIDES
54
Used against bacteria inside host cells such as listeria, chlamydia, dyptheria, pertussis, and gonorrhea
INDICATIONS OF MACROLIDES
55
Are bactericidal and act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and causing synthesis of abnormal proteins.
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
56
Reserved for serious systemic infections caused by aerobic gram negative bacteria.
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
57
Sometimes administered concurrently with penicillin, for enterococci infection
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
58
If used in a systemic viral infection, IV route (parenterally)
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
59
First aminoclyosides and was named after Streptomyces griseus, the soil organism from it was isolated in 1942.
STREPTOMYCIN
60
Used to treat tuberculosis (now restained)
STREPTOMYCIN
61
Drug of choice to treat tularemia and bubonic pneumonic forms of plaque
STREPTOMYCIN

DRUG EXAMPLES (PHARMA) (2 decks)

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