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AQA GCSE Biology (Triple Higher) > T1 - Cell Biology > Flashcards

T1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Where most chemical reactions in the cell happen

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2
Q

Cells

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

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3
Q

Cells

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • Controls the activities of the cell
  • Contains genetic material
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4
Q

Cells

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of (aerobic) respiration

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5
Q

Cells

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis

(Make proteins)

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6
Q

Cells

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

Site of photosynthesis

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7
Q

Cells

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Strengthens and supports the cell

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8
Q

Cells

What is the function of the permenant vacuole?

A

Contains cell sap.

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9
Q

Cells

Define a eukaryotic cell

A

A cell with a nucleus

( A cell where genetic material enclosed in a nucleus)

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10
Q

Cells

Define a prokaryotic cell

A

A cell that doesn’t have a nucleus

( A cell where genetic material isn’t enclosed in a nucleus)

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11
Q

Cells

How is genetic material contained in prokayotic cells?

A
  • A single DNA loop
  • Plasmids
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12
Q

Cells

Compare the size of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A

Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells

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13
Q

Microscopy

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Magnification = Image size / Actual size

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14
Q

Microscopy

Label parts A-K (Ignore H, I & J)
Microscope diagram

A

A - Eyepiece
B - (1) Coarse focus knob, (2) fine focus knob
C - Arm
D - Nosepiece
E - Objective lenses
F - Clips
G - Stage
K - Mirror/Light

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15
Q

Microscopy

Define resolution

A

The ability to distinguish between 2 points

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16
Q

Microscopy

Define magnification

A

How much bigger an object is compared to its original size

17
Q

Microscopy

What are two advantages of using an electron microscope over a light microscope?

A

An electron microscope has a higher mangnification and a higher resolution than a light microscope

18
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

Define differentiation

A

When a cell changes to become specialised

19
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

Define a specialised cell

A

A cell that has adapted certain features which allow it to perform a specific funtion

20
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

How are neurones (nerve cells) specialised to carry electrical signals through the body? (2)

A
  • They are long to cover more distance
  • They have dentrites (branched connections) to to connect to other neurones
21
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

How are muscle cells specialised to contract for to allow the body to move? (1)

A
  • They have lots of mitochondria to release energy from respiration
22
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

How are sperm cells specialised to fertilise the egg cell? (4)

A
  • They have a tail to swim faster
  • They have a pointed head to make them more stremlined to swim to the egg and fertilise it
  • They have lots of mitochondria to release the energy needed to swim to the egg
  • Their head contains enzymes to digest through the egg cell membrane
23
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

How are phloem cells specialised to transport food around plants? (1)

A
  • They have few subcellular structures to allow more space for food to be transported
24
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

How are root hair cells specialised to absorb water and minerals from the soil? (1)

A
  • They have long ‘hairs’ to increase the surface area for absorbing water and minerals from the soil
25
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

How are xylem cells specialised to transport water and minerals around plants? (1)

A
  • They are hollow to allow more spaces for water and minerals to be transported
26
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

When do most types of animal cells differentiate?

A

At an early stage

27
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

When can most plant cells differentiate?

A

They retain the ability to differentiate throughout life

28
Q

Cell differentiation & specialisation

In mature animal cells, what are the cells that differentiate mainly used for?

A

Repairing and replacing cells

E.g., skin or blood cells

28
Q
A

AQA GCSE Biology (Triple Higher) (7 decks)

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