T1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
Cells
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where most chemical reactions in the cell happen
Cells
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Cells
What is the function of the nucleus?
- Controls the activities of the cell
- Contains genetic material
Cells
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Site of (aerobic) respiration
Cells
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
(Make proteins)
Cells
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
Cells
What is the function of the cell wall?
Strengthens and supports the cell
Cells
What is the function of the permenant vacuole?
Contains cell sap.
Cells
Define a eukaryotic cell
A cell with a nucleus
( A cell where genetic material enclosed in a nucleus)
Cells
Define a prokaryotic cell
A cell that doesn’t have a nucleus
( A cell where genetic material isn’t enclosed in a nucleus)
Cells
How is genetic material contained in prokayotic cells?
- A single DNA loop
- Plasmids
Cells
Compare the size of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells
Microscopy
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification = Image size / Actual size
Microscopy
Label parts A-K (Ignore H, I & J)
Microscope diagram
A - Eyepiece
B - (1) Coarse focus knob, (2) fine focus knob
C - Arm
D - Nosepiece
E - Objective lenses
F - Clips
G - Stage
K - Mirror/Light
Microscopy
Define resolution
The ability to distinguish between 2 points
Microscopy
Define magnification
How much bigger an object is compared to its original size
Microscopy
What are two advantages of using an electron microscope over a light microscope?
An electron microscope has a higher mangnification and a higher resolution than a light microscope
Cell differentiation & specialisation
Define differentiation
When a cell changes to become specialised
Cell differentiation & specialisation
Define a specialised cell
A cell that has adapted certain features which allow it to perform a specific funtion
Cell differentiation & specialisation
How are neurones (nerve cells) specialised to carry electrical signals through the body? (2)
- They are long to cover more distance
- They have dentrites (branched connections) to to connect to other neurones
Cell differentiation & specialisation
How are muscle cells specialised to contract for to allow the body to move? (1)
- They have lots of mitochondria to release energy from respiration
Cell differentiation & specialisation
How are sperm cells specialised to fertilise the egg cell? (4)
- They have a tail to swim faster
- They have a pointed head to make them more stremlined to swim to the egg and fertilise it
- They have lots of mitochondria to release the energy needed to swim to the egg
- Their head contains enzymes to digest through the egg cell membrane
Cell differentiation & specialisation
How are phloem cells specialised to transport food around plants? (1)
- They have few subcellular structures to allow more space for food to be transported
Cell differentiation & specialisation
How are root hair cells specialised to absorb water and minerals from the soil? (1)
- They have long ‘hairs’ to increase the surface area for absorbing water and minerals from the soil
