T1 - 3.1.4.2 enzymes Flashcards
1
Q
what is the structure of enzymes
A
- globular proteins
- a few have tertiary structure (trypsin)
- most have quaternary structure
2
Q
what is a catabolic reaction
A
BREAK into smaller molecules
3
Q
what is an anabolic reaction
A
smaller ones MADE into larger molecules
4
Q
what is the induced fit model stages
A
5
Q
what is the process of induced fit
A
- substrate binds to the active site causing the tertiary structure to change (conformational change)
- this change pulls apart an atom, changing the bond angles and lowering the energy needed to break it
- therefore the substrate in the product breaks down and the enzyme reverts to its original state
6
Q
what is the equation for rate of reaction
A
change/time
7
Q
stage 1 of induced fit model
A
substrate binds to the active site causing the tertiary structure to change (conformational change)
8
Q
stage 2 of the induced fit model
A
this change pulls apart an atom, changing the bond angles and lowering the energy needed to break it
9
Q
stage 3 of the induced fit model
A
- therefore the substrate in the product breaks down and the enzyme reverts to its original state
10
Q
what is a competitive inhibitor
A
- have a similar shape to the enzymes substrate
- they can move into the active site which temporarily blocks the active site and prevents the enzyme-substrate complex
- reduce the rate of reaction
- this is reversible inhibition so the enzyme is not damaged and eventually the reaction will occur
11
Q
what is a non-competitive inhibitor
A
- non-reversible reaction where a chemical binds to the enzyme which prevents it from working
- it could bind to the active site, blocking it or bind to it somewhere else in the structure which would alter the enzyme’s tertiary structure of the enzyme and changing the shape of the active site
12
Q
what are allosteric inhibitors
A
a subclass of non-competitive inhibitors which are reversible
