T1 Flashcards
What’s the word equation for cellular respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
What is the order of organs that air goes through to get into the blood?
Mouth > Trachea > Bronchi > Bronchioles > Alveoli
What is the molecule oxygen binds to and then forms into to be transported through the blood?
Haemoglobin and then Oxyhaemoglobin
What is the order of organs oxygenated blood goes through to reach cells?
Lungs > Pulmonary Veins > Left Atrium > Left Ventricle > Aorta > Arteries > Capillaries > Cell
What is the order of organs deoxygenated blood goes through to reach the lungs?
Cell > Capillaries > Veins > Superior/Inferior Vena Cava > Right Atrium > Right Ventricle > Pulmonary Arteries > Lungs
What are carbohydrates and what do they do?
One of 5 nutrients, and one of 3 nutrients which provide energy directly to the body. Contribute large amounts of glucose to the body’s energy reserves.
What does the large intestine do?
Absorbs electrolytes and water left after digestion.
What does the oesophagus do?
Carries food from your mouth to your stomach.
What does the stomach do?
Breaks food into smaller parts, and grabs some nutrients.
What does the small intestine do?
Absorbs nutrients and water en masse.
What does the liver do?
Cleans blood to make it non-toxic, regulates blood amount and what’s in the blood. It also produces bile.
What is emulsification?
The body breaking down larger food molecules into smaller molecules.
What is amylase and what does it do?
Digests carbs in the mouth and small intestine.
What is protease and what does it do?
Digests proteins in the stomach and small intestine.
What is lipase and what does it do?
Digests lipids in the small intestine.
What wastes are directly removed from the body?
CO2 (breath), H2O (urine), Urea (poo), Salt (sweat)
What is the epiglottis and what does it do?
Stops food going into the lungs.
What are proteins and what do they do?
A type of nutrient required to create cells and their structure.
What are vitamins and what do they do?
Organic molecules for niche operations in the body.
What are lipids and what do they do?
A nutrient type which provides an immediate energy source.
What are minerals and what do they do?
A nutrient which is inorganic and required in small amounts.
What is bile?
A substance produced by the liver that aids digestion.
What is the passage of information (neurons)?
Stimulus > Receptor > Sensory Neuron > Interneuron > Motor Neuron > Effector > Response
How do neurons work?
- Impulse along neuron.
- Impulse reaches end.
- Neurotransmitter chemicals released.
- Neurotransmitters cross the gap.
- Neurotransmitters reach dendrite.
- Dendrite detects.
- Neuron fires and repeats.
