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SOC T/O > T/O > Flashcards

T/O Flashcards

1
Q

what determines the catagory of lumber

A

the tree they are cut from

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2
Q

what are the 4 catagories of lumber

A
  • hardwood
  • softwood
  • bamboo
  • palm
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3
Q

what are the grades of lumber

A

yard lumber

structural lumber

factory/shop grade lumber

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4
Q

what must be done after lumber is cut, and how is it done

A

lumber must be seasoned either by air or kiln drying

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5
Q

what are the three catagories of yard lumber

A
  • finished: grades A thru D
  • common boards: grades 1 thru 5
  • common dimensions: grades 1 thru3
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6
Q

what is structural lumber graded by

A
  • density
  • strength
  • stiffness
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7
Q

what are the standard lengths of lumber

A

comes in standard lengths from 8’ to 20’ in 2’ increments

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8
Q

what are the various thickness of plywood

A

1/8” up to 1”

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9
Q

what is the standard size of plywood

A

4’ x 8’

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10
Q

what is BF for lumber

A

BF= board feet

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11
Q

what is the formula for BF

A

t x w x l x # of pieces/144 or 12

if L is in inches use 144

if L is in feet use 12

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12
Q

what is BM

A

BM= board measure

it is calculated to determine the pounds of nails by factoring in the waste factor BM

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13
Q

what are the calculations for BM

A

10% is added if it is 2” or more

20% is added if it is 1” or less

round up

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14
Q

how many sq ft does a 4’ x 8’ piece of plywood cover

A

32 sq ft

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15
Q

what wood is the basis of the three grades of lumber

A

seasoned softwood

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16
Q

all sheathing is considered less than ____

A

1”

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17
Q

do you factor in waste for sheathing

A

not unless told to do so

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18
Q

a structure is only as strong as its ______

A

weakest joint

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19
Q

what is a joint

A

a connection of two or more pieces that meet at an angle

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20
Q

what are the two types of joints

A

butt joint

lap joint

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21
Q

what are the types of butt joints

A

straight

oblique

miter

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22
Q

what are the types of lap joints

A

cross

middle

miter half

plain

half

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23
Q

what are the two ways to connect pieces of lumber

A

joints and splices

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24
Q

what is a splice

A

a connection of two or more members that continue in a straight line

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25
Q

what are the types of splices

A

butt splice

halved

square

plain

complimentary

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26
Q

what is a splice designed to do

A

to resist the stresses of tension, compression and bending

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27
Q

what is the most common type of fastener used in military construction

A

nails

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28
Q

what are the four primary types of nails

A
  • common wire
  • finishing
  • scaffolding
  • roofing
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29
Q

what term is the size of the nail

A

“penny” which is its length

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30
Q

what is penny denoted by

A

d

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31
Q

what size do nails come in

A

2d thru 60d

1” thru 6”

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32
Q

what are the common usage nail sizes

A

8d for sheathing

16d for framing

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33
Q

what are the three rules of thumb for nails

A
  • proper nail size should penetrate 2/3 into the second board
  • drive nails at a slight angle towards each other
  • use a good nailing pattern
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34
Q

what nail sizes are used for framing

A

10d thru 60d

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35
Q

what nail sizes are used for sheathing

A

2d thru 8d

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36
Q

what are the nail formulas

A

framing:

(d/6) x (BM/100)

sheathing:

(d/4) x (BM/100)

round up

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37
Q

what are some other fasteners

A
  • spikes and drift pins
  • screws
  • bolts
  • corrugated fasteners
  • timber connectors
38
Q

what is design life

A

how long the building is intended to last without major repairs

39
Q

what are three life ranges of buildings

A

temporary

semi-permanent

permanent

40
Q

what is the design life of a permanent building

A

25 years or more

41
Q

what is the design life of a semi-permanent building

A

5 to 25 years

42
Q

what is the design life of a temporary building

A

up to 5 years

43
Q

what are the components of the substructure

A
  • footers
  • girders
  • joists
  • sub floor
44
Q

what are footers constructed of

A

pressure treated lumber

45
Q

footers will never be more than ____ feet apart

A

10’

46
Q

what are the parts of a footer

A

footing: 2” x 6” x 16.5”
spreaders: 2” x 6” x16.5”
posts: 6” x 6”
scabs: 2” x 6” x 12”

47
Q

what are girders constructed of

A

three laminated pieces of lumber running the length of the building

usually constructed from 2” x 6” or a solid piece of timber

48
Q

what are joist

A

pieces of lumber that run the width of the building

49
Q

what is the spacing of joist

A

16” o.c.

50
Q

how do joist run in relation to the load bearing walls

A

perpendicular to load bearing walls and girders

51
Q

what are the types of joist bridging

A

solid and cross bridges

52
Q

what are joist bridges used for

A

to prevent buckling of the joist

53
Q

how often should bridges be placed for joists

A

every 8’ of span a bridge is constructed

54
Q

what are splice plates for joists constructed of

A

the same lumber as the joist

they are 24” in length and cover both sides of the joint

55
Q

what must you do to offset the joints when laying plywood

A

start with a half sheet

56
Q

which way does the first course of plywood run

A

perpendicular to the joists

57
Q

do not allow____ from both sub floor and top floor to match

A

seams

58
Q

what are the two types of stringers

A

stringer

box frame

59
Q

what are the common parts of stringers

A

rise and run

60
Q

how high should the riser be for stringers

A

7” to 9”

61
Q

how deep should the tread be for stringer stairs

A

8” to 11”

62
Q

what size board do you use for a mud sill and ledger

A

mud sill= 2” x 4”

ledger= 2” x 6”

63
Q

how many stair stringers do you need if the stair width is more than 3’

A

3 or more

64
Q

how many pounds of force must stair rails handle

A

200 pounds

65
Q

stairways with ___ or more risers or higher than ____ must be equiped with at least 1 rail

A

4 or more risers

30”

66
Q

stairs should be between ____ and ____ degrees

A

30 and 50

67
Q

what is the max variation for stair riser and depth

A

no more than 1/4” variation

68
Q

when doors open on a stair landing how big should the clearance be

A

platform extends more than 20” from the swing of door

69
Q

what does the superstructure consist of

A

wall panels and roof

70
Q

what are the three wall panels

A

long walls

short walls

partition walls

71
Q

how big should you build wall panels for movement

A

8’ x 8’

72
Q

what are the different roof styles

A
  • gable
  • lean-to
  • hip
  • gable and valley
73
Q

what is the most common roof type

A

gable

74
Q

what roof do theater of operations structures use

A

gable

75
Q

what is the formula to determine rafter length

A

HS (half span) x P (pitch) / 12 = R (rise)

HS x HS + R x R then square root = rafter length

76
Q

what is the formula to determine OH

A

PO x P/12 = R of OH

PO x PO + R x R then square root = OH”

OH”/12 = OH’

77
Q

what is the formula to determine # of rafters/trusses

A

rafters/trusses = roof length/2 or 1.33 round up then + 1

rafters: 16” O.C. = 1.33
trusses: 24” O.C. = 2

78
Q

what are the parts of a truss

A

chord: top and bottom
gusset: heel point, peak point, quarter point, third point
web: short, long and hanger

79
Q

gusset plates are used on ____ sides of the truss joints, except on the _____

A

both sides

except on the gable ends

80
Q

what are gusset plates made of

A

1/2” plywood

81
Q

truss gable ends are ______

A

fully sheathed

82
Q

how far are trusses spaced out OC

A

24” OC

83
Q

how far are rafters spaced out OC

A

16” OC

84
Q

what are the first trusses to be placed

A

gable end trusses

85
Q

how are trusses placed before being installed

A

upside down

86
Q

what is the 2x material used to brace trusses called

A

temporary purloins and permanent purlions

87
Q

what are some types of roofing material

A

tin/metal

tile

shingles/wood or asphalt

88
Q

how far are the permanent purloins spaced

A

24” OC from the end of the OH to the peak of the truss

89
Q

when laying sheathing on the roof where do you start

A

at the end of the OH working towards the peak

90
Q

how big is the gap at the peak when laying sheathing

A

2” on each side for venting

SOC T/O (1 decks)

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