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Immunology Exam I > T Cells and Cell Mediated Immunity > Flashcards

T Cells and Cell Mediated Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of T cells

A

cannot be distinguished from B cells

only recognize antigen when presented by an APC iwth MHC proteins (have to be spoonfed)

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2
Q

Sequence of events involved in T cell ontogeny

A
  • Prothymocytes from bone marrow migrate to thymus
  • Thymocytes differentiate into mature T cells
  • Mature T cells from thymus travel to peripheral lymphoid tissues
  • Memory T cells reside in the bloodstream until directed to enter non-lymphoid tissues
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3
Q

Th cells

A

conductor

subsets of CD4+

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4
Q

TH1 cells

A

cell mediated immunity

IgG can be produced

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5
Q

TH2 cells

A

humoral immunity

especially IgE

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6
Q

TH17 cells

A

ehance inflammation

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7
Q

Tfh cells

A

promotes germinal center formation in lymphoid organs

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8
Q

cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (CD8 cells)

A

lyse virus infected cells

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9
Q

regulatory T cells (treg)

A

downregulate immunity

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10
Q

alpha-beta T cell antigen receptor function

A

encompasses the proteins on the surface of T cells that allow them to recognize and respond to antigen
not response for MHC restriction
involved in binding antigen and MHC
cytoplasmic tail not long enough to act as signal transducer, requires CD3

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11
Q

alpha-beta T cell antigen receptor structure

A

heterodimer of disulfide-linked alpha and beta chains
has constant and variable regions
different antigen specificity generated by altering variable regions
has single antigen binding site

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12
Q

CD3

A

composed of invariant polypeptides

phosphorylation sites on cytoplasmic tails for signal transduction (helps with t-rex arm problem)

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13
Q

Function of costimulatory moleulces

A

aid the T cell to become activated by triggering signal transduction

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14
Q

what does CD28 bind to

A

B7

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15
Q

What does CD40 ligand (CD40L) bind to?

A

CD40

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16
Q

CD4 characteristics

A

transmembrane glycoprotein consisting of a single polypeptide
present in small quanitites on the surface of macrophages
expressed on Th cells
are targets of HIV

17
Q

CD4 functions

A

cell adhesion
signal transduction
restricts T cell responses to recognizing only class II MHC proteins

18
Q

CD8 characteristics

A

composed of homodimer or heterodimer

most CD8-expressing lymphocytes are cytotoxic T lymphocytes

19
Q

CD8 functions

A

cell adhesion
signal transduction
restricts T cell responses to recognizing only class I MHC proteins

20
Q

TH1 cell activation

A

develop from uncommitted naive T cells
Cytokine signal: IL-12
produced under conditions of inflammation

21
Q

TH2 cell activation

A

develop from uncommitted naive T cells
cytokine signal: IL-4
IL-4 produced by mast cells or antigen activated T cells

22
Q

What type of immunity does TH1 help with and how

A

cell-mediated. produced IFN-gamma and activates macrophages and CTLs

23
Q

What type of immunity does TH2 help with and how

A

humoral immunity

produces IgE for anti-parasite defense through production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

24
Q

TH17 cell activativation

A

develop from uncommitted naive T cells when exposed to TGF-beta.

25
Q

What does TH17 help with and how

A

promotes inflammation by producing IL-17 and IL-22

26
Q

How do cytotoxic T lymphocyties become activated

A

part of cell-mediated immunited stimulated by TH1 cells

27
Q

Function of CTL

A

destroy intracellular microbes, some tumor cells and transplanted tissues and organs

28
Q

Steps of CTL killing process

A

1) bind to target cell
2) CTL activation
3) deliver lethal hit
4) disengage
5) target cell dies

29
Q

Principle killing mechanism of CTL

A

perforin facilitates delivery of granzyme B to target cell cytoplasm
Granzyme B activates caspase pathway and you get apoptosis

30
Q

Secondary killing mechanism of CTL

A

binding of CTL expressed Fas ligands targets Fas protein, this activates caspases and you get apoptosis

Immunology Exam I (8 decks)

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