Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SFM Final > T-Cell Mediated Immunity > Flashcards

T-Cell Mediated Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What do resting mature naive T-cells express?

A 
CD4+ or CD8+
CD28+
MHC/HLA Class I 
TCR complex (CD3 molecules and zeta) 
LFA-1 (adhesion molecule)
VLA-4 (adhesion molecule) 
CCR7 (chemokine receptor)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T-cells circulate and are activated in ________ organs.

A

Lymph (i.e., lymph nodes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Innate immune response aids in initiation of T-cell activation through the generation of…

A

Acute inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

These alone are capable of activating naive T cells.

A

DCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These can activate memory T cells.

A

B cells

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do CD4+ T cells activate?

A

B cells

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Activated peripheral DCs – lose adhesive markers and up regulate _______. They increase expression of MHC/HLA and _______ then travel to secondary lymphoid tissue. Mature as they migrate, and present Ag to T cells.

A

CCR7

CD80 (B7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Naive T cells enter the lymph nodes across the ________ in the cortex.

A

HEV (High endothelial venules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T cells that encounter Ag proliferate and differentiate into effector cells, but T cells that do not encounter specific Ag leave the node through the lymphatics and travel to where?

A

On to the next lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What provides an initial weak adhesion of naive T cells to HEV in lymph node?

A

L-selectin (T cell)

L-selectin ligand (HEV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What provides stable arrest for T cells on HEV?

A

LFA-1 (T cell)

ICAM-1 (HEV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What activates integrins and chemotaxis in T cell migration through HEV?

A

CCR7 (T cell)

CCL19 or CCL21 (HEV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At the site of an infection, what provides the initial weak adhesion of effector and memory T cells to cytokine-activated endothelium?

A

E-selectin ligand (T cell)
P-selectin ligand (T cell)
E-selectin (Endothelium)
P-selectin (Endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At the site of an infection, what provides stable arrest on cytokine-activated endothelium?

A

LFA-1 (T cell)
VLA-4 (T cell
ICAM-1 (Endothelium)
VCAM-1 (Endothelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At the site of an infection, what activates integrins and chemotaxis (in relation to T cells)?

A

CXCR3 (T cell)

CXCL10 (Endothelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

There are two T-cell surface molecules that can bind to CD80 (B7). One is stimulatory, and one is inhibitory. What are they?

A

CD28 (stimulatory)

CTLA-4 (inhibitory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is another ligand/receptor relationship on T cells that is inhibitory?

A

PD-1 (T cell)
PD-L1 or PD-L2 (APC/Tissue)

***PD-1 has ITIMs on it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TCR/HLA Ag recognition changes integrin confirmation on T cells from (LOW/HIGH) affinity to (LOW/HIGH) affinity. This allows clustering of adhesion molecules and firm adhesion for immune synapse.

A

Low

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 signals are required for complete activation, which are?

A

1) Binding of MHC/Peptide complex to TCR

2) Maintains specificity of the response to the epitope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is involved in the first signal?

A

MHC/Peptide complex to TCR
CD40L (T cells) to CD40 (APCs)
B7/CD80 (APCs) to CD28 (T cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Once the APC expresses B7, it also secretes cytokine which enhance T cell activation. What cytokine in particular does this?

A

IL-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The Src family kinase associated with co-receptors CD4 and CD8 called _______, phosphorylates ITAMs on zeta-chains as well as the tyrosine kinase _______. This goes on to phosphorylate PLCy1 and other kinases that lead to activation of transcription factors (i.e., NFAT, NFkB, AP-1)

A

Lck

ZAP-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Activation of T cells triggers a cascade of _______ production.

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T cells recognizing antigen without binding of co-stimulatory ligands or cytokine support will not become activated, they will become…

A

Anergic

Tolerant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T cells can promote proliferation via self-stimulation. ______ is an autocrine signal that binds to ______, which is always expressed as a low affinity receptor but when bound at high affinity then T cell proliferation and differentiation occurs.

A

IL-2 (T cell)
IL-2R (Another T cell)

***IL-2a chain = CD25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Activation of naive T cells requires recognition of Ag presented by ______.

A

DCs

27
Q

The effector T cells can recognize Ags presented by _______ and _______.

A

Macrophages

B cells

28
Q

After the TCR is triggered by Ag encounter, ______ is transported to the cell surface. The stronger the stimulation through the TCR (and CD28), the greater the amount of _______ that is deposited on the cell surface. Acts as a signal dampener to maintain consistent level of T cell activation.

A

CTLA-4

CTLA-4

29
Q

What cytokines do Th1 cells secrete? What do they activate?

A

IFN-y
IL-12

Target is macrophages and activates them
Work against intracellular pathogens

30
Q

What cytokines do Th2 cells secrete? What do they activate?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

Target is eosinophils and mast cells for activation
Defends against helminths

31
Q

What cytokines do Th17 cells secrete? What do they activate?

A

TGF-B
IL-17
IL-22

Target is neutrophils for activation
Work against extracellular bacteria and fungi

32
Q

What cytokines do Tfh cells secrete? What do they activate?

A

IL-21
IFN-y OR IL-4

Target is B cells for Ab production
Work against extracellular pathogens

33
Q

T cells and B cells egress from LNs requires the receptor _______.

A

S1PR

34
Q

If T cell or B cell is activated by Ag, _______ associates with and inhibits the function of S1P, inhibiting egress. ______ binding also reduces surface expression of the receptor S1PR on the cells. As a result, activated T cells are retained in the LNs long enough to receive the signals that initiate proliferation and differentiation.

A

CD69

CD69

35
Q

After cell division, CD69 expression decreases and T cells re-express high levels of _______ and are therefore able to exit the lymphoid organs.

A

S1PR

36
Q

CD4+ T helper cells produce molecules that stimulate CTL differentiation. Which cytokine does this?

A

IL-2

37
Q

After activation by APCs in the medullary area, CD4+ Th cells change their chemokine receptor expression and migrate to the edge of the follicular zone. Activated T cells start expressing _______.

A

CTLA-4

38
Q

This type of T cells are found in higher numbers at epithelial boundaries, especially the gut mucosa. It is Ag restricted and can recognize non-protein Ag. Not restricted to MHC/HLA presentation.

A

Gamma Delta T cells

39
Q

This type of T cell are CD4+ T cells that have been influenced by IL-2 and TGF-B. They have a novel transcription factor FOXp3.

A

Treg cells

40
Q

Treg cells constitutively express CTLA-4 and CD25 and secrete…

A

IL-10

TGF-B

41
Q

What is the major difference between an effector T cell and a resting naive T cell?

A

An effector T cell is able to respond to specific Ag without the need for co-stimulation via B7 (CD80) - CD28 interaction

42
Q

Th1 cells proliferate in response to…

A

IL-12

IFN-y

43
Q

What do Th1 cells activate?

A

DCs
Macrophages
NKs

44
Q

What is the novel transcription factor for Th1?

A

T-bet

45
Q

What does Th1 secrete?

A

IL-2

IFN-y

46
Q

IFN-y activates _________ against intracellular microbes. It also activates ________ to stimulate class switching and complement binding.

A

Macrophages

B cells

47
Q

What stimulates class II HLA and B7 (CD80) expression?

A

IFN-y

48
Q

Th2 cells proliferate in response to…

A

IL-4

49
Q

What causes Th2 cells to respond?

A

Allergens

Helminths

50
Q

What is the novel transcription factor for Th2?

A

GATA-3

51
Q

What does Th2 secrete?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

52
Q

Th2 cells stimulate isotype class switching to _______, which is important in allergic reactions. It also supports alternative macrophage development.

A

IgE

53
Q

Th1 effector cells are necessary to combat (INTRACELLULAR/EXTRACELLULAR) microbes.

A

Intracellular

54
Q

Th17 proliferates in response to…

A

IL-1

IL-6

55
Q

_____ responds to bacteria and fungus, and induces inflammation and leukocyte recruitment.

A

Th17

56
Q

What is the novel transcription factor for Th17?

A

RORyt

57
Q

What does Th17 secrete?

A

IL-17

IL-22

58
Q

Effector Th cells leave the lymphatics and re-enter circulation. They circulate until they are exposed to _________ molecules that allow them to migrate into the peripheral tissues at the sight of infection.

A

Inflammatory

59
Q

How do CTLs kill microbes (intracellular)?

A
    • Release of granular enzymes (perforin)

- - FasL (CTL) and Fas (CD95) (other cells) induction of apoptotic pathways

60
Q

How do NK cells kill?

A

Kill by granzymes (perforin)

61
Q

What inhibits NK cells?

A

MHC Class I

62
Q

What cytokines are required for memory T cell survival?

A

IL-15

IL-7

63
Q

(CHRONIC/ACUTE) infections can cause T cells to become “exhausted” and not respond to infection like they should.

A

Chronic

SFM Final (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions