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PA2203- Mod 6 > T Cell Effector Functions > Flashcards

T Cell Effector Functions Flashcards

1
Q

When the t cell is activated what does it release in order to promote proliferation

A

Activated t cells release cytokine IL-2+ IL-2 receptor which allows for rapid proliferation of t cell

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2
Q

what 3 cytokine signals are important for CD8 t cell differentiation

A

IL-12
IL-2
Type 1 IFN

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3
Q

How do activated CD8 t cells kill

A

infected cells will produce antigens and load them on MCH1 on their surface (if epitope is found it will kill the cell)

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4
Q

what type of cells do CD8 t cells kill

A

Since CD8+ T-cells are activated by endogenous (cytosolic) antigens, they function to kill cells that already contain “threatening” antigens inside of them

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5
Q

what cytotoxic molecules do t cell release to kill (3)

A
  1. Perforin- forms pores in membrane that allow entry of granzymes
  2. Granszymes- Induce apoptosis
  3. Granulysin- disrupt membranes/induce apoptosis
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6
Q

How are killer t cells anchored to target cell

A

Integrins (on t cell) and ICAMS (on target cell)

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7
Q

What does granzymes and granulysin lead to

A

Activation of caspases which activate caspase DNase which causes DNA digestion + blebbing

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8
Q

what effector cytokines can killer t cells released when a t cell identifies associated epitope (2)

A

1) Interferon gamma- activation of macrophages + NK cells

2) TNFa- upregs death receptors

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9
Q

What is an ex of a death ligand released by activated killer t cells

A

Fas ligand

-bind to death receptors on target cells and induce apoptosis

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10
Q

When a death ligand binds to its receptor what is recruited

A

allows recruitment of the death induced signalling complex (DISC) which activates caspases that mediate apoptosis

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11
Q

why are death ligands important for immune homeostasis

A

required for control of the number of lymphocytes activated during an immune response leading to the contraction of ongoing response

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12
Q

What types of CD4 cells does cytokines TGFb, IL6, Both, IL12, IL4

A 
TGFb- Treg
IL6- Tfh
Both- Th17
IL12- Th1
IL4- Th2
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13
Q

What 2 signals does cd4 cells need to perform its effector function

A

Th1 TCR binds MHC2 and antigen

Co stim

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14
Q

What cytokine makes TH1 t cells and what do the t cells produce

A

IL12

IFNy- activation of macrophages/NK/bcells

IL2- t proliferation

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15
Q

When Th1 binds to an affected macrophage what is done

A

enhances macrophage antimicrobial activity by

  • accelerated lysosome to phagosome fusion
  • increase prod of toxins
  • upreg of MHC for antigen presentation
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16
Q

IL2 released by Th1 has what effect

A

increases proliferative capacity of activated killer t cells (cd8)

17
Q

What cytokine makes Th2 cells and what effector molecules does it release/do

A

IL4

IL4,5,13
Activate b cells
activate esonophils

18
Q

3 signals needed to activate b cells

A
  1. MHC2 + antigen binding to CD4
  2. Costim of CD40L (on t)+CD40 (on b)
  3. Cytokins IL4,5
19
Q

What is the function of T cell cytokines when activating b cells

A

different cytokines will stim b cells to make different classes of antbodies

20
Q

Activated Th2 cells release IL4, 5 what do they do

A

IL4- basophil + NKT cell activation

IL5- eosinophils (chronic asthma, allergy)

21
Q

What cytokine activated Tregs and what is its function

A

TGFb

Secretes immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL12 and TGFb

22
Q

What cytokine actives Th17 and what does it secrete

A

activated by: TGFb, IL6

releases: IL-17

23
Q

What does IL17 (released by Th17) do?

A

induces epithelial/innate cells to release:

G-CSF- promotes granulocyte prod in bone marrow

IL8- recruites neutrophils

24
Q

what type of infection is Th17 important for

A

important against extracellular and fungal infections + autoimmune disorders

25
Q

What is the function of Follicular helper t cells (Tfh)

A

Important for b cell activity, differentiation, survival in germinal centre

26
Q

What costims and cytokines are needed to activate Tfh

A

ICOS-L

Il6

27
Q

What is cross presentation and what is important for

A

where exogenous antigens are put on MHC1 (instead of 2)

effective against viruses that don’t infect APCs

28
Q

how long does primary t cell response take (inactivated to activated)

A

7-14 days

29
Q

how many t cells will die after antigens eliminated

A

95%

PA2203- Mod 6 (9 decks)

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