T+C Flashcards
Some researchers believe that restorative justice would be a useful intervention for psychopathy. During a restorative justice session, the perpetrator sits face-to-face with the victim and is instructed to take the perspective of the victim as they listen. Based on what you know about empathy functioning in psychopathy, would this approach be effective in psychopathic individuals?
a. No, because restorative justice requires affective empathy and psychopathic individuals are deficient in this
b. Yes, because the process of restorative justice requires deliberate perspective-taking, which psychopathic individuals can do.
c. No, because restorative justice only works with normal amygdala functioning and psychopathic individuals have deficient amygdala functions
d. Yes, because restorative justice reduces the demand of EF, which psychopathic individuals have difficulty deploying
B - Yes, because the process of restorative justice requires deliberate perspective-taking, which psychopathic individuals can do.
Callous-Unemotional Traits (CU) can decrease through interventions that target:
a. helping the parent express positive emotions
b. using time-out
c. pharmacological interventions
d. promoting anger control
e. all of the above
A - helping the parent express positive emotions
Patients with a lesion to the ________ show defective moral decision making, social inappropriateness, and lack of insight, but intact language, intelligence, attention, and EF
vmPFC
In a recent report, Michael Welner, a forensic psychiatrist, argues that youth with CU traits should be locked up for life, urging courts to overturn the Miller decision. This argument is problematic because:
a. CU traits can decrease over time in youth, without intervention
b. CU traits can decrease with proper intervention
c. The brain is still developing in youth in areas important for decision-making and emotionality
d. all of the above
D - all of the above
In 1992, Mr. Parks killed his mother-in-law and attacked his father-in-law while sleepwalking. During the trail, there was evidence presented of abnormal EEG activity. The jury acquitted him of murder and assault. In this case, the psychological and neuroscientific evidence supported:
a. That Mr. Parks was legally insane
b. That Mr. Parks had aggravating factors, increasing the culpability of his criminal activity
c. That Mr. Parks was not culpable of his crime
d. That Mr. Parks suffered from a brain lesion
C - That Mr. Parks was not culpable of his crime
In a recent study, Aharoni and colleagues found that the dysfunction in the ACC predicts recidivism in a sample of hundreds of adult incarcerated individuals. The authors advocate for using brain imaging as a risk assessment tool for predicting recidivism. The problem with this conclusion is that:
a. The research study looked at averages across people, making it unclear the extent to which this effect is true for an individual
b. The research study looked at brain activation after the time of the crime, making it unclear whether the brain is a mitigating factor
c. The research study only looked at adults, and risk assessment is only done in juveniles
d. A and B
e. A, B, and C
D - A and B
Imagine a child with a genetic predisposition to low arousal and who is raised in an environment with few resources (e.g. low socioeconomic status). To maximize gains in the resource-scarce environment, this child may need to prioritize their own needs, avoid negative experiences, and may benefit from being less sensitive to emotional experiences of others. These predispositions and experiences most likely result in:
a. proactive aggression
b. high anxiety
c. increased amygdala activity
d. over-reactivity to perceived threat
A - proactive aggression
A recent study gave some police officers a script to read during randomized breath test checkpoints. The script explained the officer’s motives for conducting the stop, gave the driver an opportunity to suggest other crime prevention tactics, and converted respect by addressing the drivers at eye level and thanking them for their time. In face, drivers who participated in the study were more likely than the control group to report satisfaction with the interaction and to be compliant with the officers orders. The process described in the script in consistent with the principles of ___________.
Procedural Justice Training
A recent study applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in antisocial individuals. tDCS stimulates functioning in regions of the brain it is applied. Based on this information, you would expect individuals who engage in antisocial behavior would:
a. reduce intent to commit aggressive acts
b. improve performance on EF tasks
c. Improve abstraction reasoning
d. all of the above
D - all of the above
On August 1, 1966, Charles Whitman, a student and ex-Marine, fired down from the clock tower on the campus of the University of Texas, killing 14 people and wounding 31 others. Earlier in the day, Whitman had killed his wife and mother. Whitman was shot and killed by the police. An autopsy revealed that Whitman has a tumor pressed on the _________, a part of the brain in the limbic system responsible for processing emotions, such as fear and anxiety.
Amygdala
Youth with conduct problems and Low CU traits and youth with conduct problems and High CU traits showed essentially the same pattern of amygdala activation in Viding et. al (2012).
a. true
b. false
B - false
In the Dadds et. al. (2006) study, youth with CU traits showed defected in emotion recognition under all conditions
a. true
b. false
B - false
It is possible that Parent Management Training is effective for youth with CD because:
a. it enhances consistency in parents’ discipline, and inconsistent harshness is related to CD
b. it sets rules clearly, circumventing the deficits in planning youth with CD tend to display
c. it rewards youth for good behavior, and youth with CD are sensitive to potential of rewards
d. all of the above
D - all of the above
You are on a cruise ship when there is a fire on board, and the ship needs to be abandoned. The lifeboats are carrying many more people than they were designed to carry. The lifeboat you’re in is sitting dangerously low in the water. If nothing is done, it will sink before the rescue boats arrive and everyone on board will die. However, there is an injured person who will not survive in any case. If you throw that person overboard, the boat will stay afloat and the remaining passengers will be saved. The moral question is: would you throw this person overboard in order to save the lives of the remaining passengers? Which of these statements is TRUE?
a. Psychopathic individuals would be more likely to throw the person overboard because that is the rationale decision, despite the life lost
b. Psychopathic individuals would not recognize the moral violation, and that is why they would push the person overboard
c. Psychopathic individuals only engage in moral violations when there is indirect or remote harm, so there is less of a chance of getting caught
A - Psychopathic individuals would be more likely to throw the person overboard because that is the rationale decision, despite the life lost
Which of the following statements is TRUE about CD-CU versus CD+CU:
a. youth with CD-CU and CD+CU show deficits in mentalizing
b. youth with CD-CU and CD+CU interpret happy faces as hostile
c. Harsh parenting is associated with CD-CU and CD+CU
d. youth with CD-CU and CD+CU show enhanced activity in the OFC
c. Harsh parenting is associated with CD-CU and CD+CU
