T Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Function of hemostasis

A

Limit blood loss

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3
Q

Define thrombosis

A

Formation of blood clot inside the vessel

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4
Q

Endothelium has a non-thrombogenic surface

A

If this is intact, it generates prostaglandin and nitric oxide which inhibits platelet aggregation

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5
Q

When endothelium is damaged, sub-endothelial collagen is exposed and platelets will adhere to this - this will activate the platelets

A

The platelets will begin to Aggregate

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6
Q

Platelets release agents which promote vasoconstriction and platelet aggergation

A

Then fibrin will form through enzymatic reaction, these get meshed within the platelet plug, which stops the flow

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7
Q

Haemostatic plug is dissolved by fibrinolytic system

A

.

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8
Q

“Blood clot” slide

A

Shows EMG of RBC in fibrin mesh

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9
Q

Calcium is required for clotting

A

Calcium chelators can be used to prevent clotting

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10
Q

Thrombin acts on

A

Fibrinogen to form fibrin

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11
Q

Extrinsic factor = the Easy pathway

A

.

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12
Q

Blood clotting disorders

A

Learn

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13
Q

Fibrinolytic system stops the clotting cascade overrunning

A

Plans in breaks down fibrin polymers

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14
Q

Venous thrombosis vs arterial thrombosis

A

Problem with venous thrombosis - can break off and enter pulmonary circulation

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15
Q

Anticoagulants are involved in vitro storage of blood, as well as in vivo

A

Heparin - is polyanionic (has lots of negative charges)

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16
Q

Calcium chelators and heparin are main anticoagulants in vitro

A

EDTA is a chelator

17
Q

In vivo use of anticoagulants

A

Heparin - given intravenously Warfarin - given orally

18
Q

Heparin binds to antithrombin 3

A

Heparin antithrombin 3 complex binds to various clotting factors, inhibiting clotting cascade

19
Q

Low MW heparin works differently from heparin

A

Binds factor 10a

20
Q

LMWH does not inactive thrombin, but Unfractionated heparin does

A

,

21
Q

Side effects of heparin

A

Allergic reactions Haemorrhage Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (reduced platelet level, therefore platelet plug less likely to form)

22
Q

Main oral anticoagulant is Warfarin - a structural analogue of vitamin K

A

Blocks synthesis of coagulation factors in the liver

23
Q

Vitamin K required for caboxylation of certain clotting factors

A

.

24
Q

S warfarin and R warfarin

A

.

25
Q

Warfarin ends up bound to plasma albumin, other drugs can displace warfarin from binding sites on albumin

A

Example is aspirin

26
Q

NSAIDs and warfarin don’t mix

A

.

27
Q

New oral anticoagulants

A

5

28
Q

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX enzymes

A

Acetylation

29
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Blocks platelet ADP receptors

30
Q

Abciximab - MAB

A

Only used once??