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Endo 2 > T > Flashcards

T Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid hormone stimulates

A

Fat metabolism

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2
Q

Hyperthyroidism one might see

A

Loss of muscle mass, Hi anxiety, exophthalmos, A high metabolic rate

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3
Q

Goitrogenic substances found in cabbage,
An autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland,
Inadequate iodine in diet
A genetic defect TRH receptors

All of the following above cause what?

A

Hypothyroidism

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4
Q

Thyroid Hormones mechanism of action is similar to

A

Steroids

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5
Q

Thyroid hormones help the body cope with a cold environment by

A

Stimulating ATP production, appetite, the number and size of mitochondria

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6
Q

The ability of the thyroid gland to respond temperature of the environment is dependent on

A

Of the hypothalamus to detect changes in body temperature

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7
Q

Myxedema is a sign of

A

Hyperthyroidism

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8
Q

Hormones which act inside a cell must be

A

Lipid soluble

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9
Q

Thyroxin

A

Is the major form of thyroid hormone which regulates the blood

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10
Q

To make thyroid hormones the thyroid follicle cell must

A

Be able to trap iodine
Oxidize iodine
Make thyroglobulin
Cleave t3 and t4

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11
Q

Hormones act on which cells

A

Only the cells that have receptors for them

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12
Q

Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones

A

Have similar mechanism of action,
Act inside cell
Influence gene transcription

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13
Q

Pro opiomelanocortin is produced by the

A

Anterior pituitary as a precursor for ACTH , endorphins, and MSH

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14
Q

Which of the following elevates mood and decreases sensitivity to pain

A

Endorphins

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15
Q

individuals with high levels of cortisol receptors above the waist and High levels of insulin receptors below the waist is likely to have a body shape that resembles

A

A pear (gynoid)

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16
Q

Which of the following is not a symptom of cushings disease

A

Low blood pressure

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17
Q

A pheochromocytoma that produces epinephrine, dopamine, and norepinephrine will cause

A

Heart palpitations, high anxiety, abdominal pain, and nausea

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18
Q

Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors differ from each other in that

A

Alpha and beta receptors activate different 2nd messenger systems

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19
Q

Epinephrine stimulates

A

The rate of blood coagulation

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20
Q

Which of the following is a response mediated by Alpha adrenergic receptor’s

A

Vasoconstriction

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21
Q

Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

A

Often mediate opposite responses,
can be blocked by different compounds,
can be found on the same cells in different propositions

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22
Q

When Norepinephrine acts as a hormone

A

It has more enzymes acting to destroy it then it has as a neurotransmitter

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23
Q

Insulin and GH synergize in their actions on

A

Metabolism of protein,
DNA,
CHO,
fat

24
Q

Pancreatic somatostatin suppresses

A

Insulin secretion

25
Q

Glucagon stimulates

A

Insulin secretion

26
Q

Which of the following does not stimulate glucagon secretion

A

High blood glucose

27
Q

Which of the following stimulates insulin secretion

A

Digestive tract hormones,
the Vegas nerve in response to thoughts of food,
AA

28
Q

Symptoms of high blood glucose , acidosis, rapid weight loss and irrational behavior are most typical of

A

Diabetes type one insulin dependent

29
Q

Diabetes type 2

A

Is due to a post receptor defect is response to insulin

30
Q

In the pre diabetic state, a person with diabetes type 2 is likely to experience

A

a tendency to gain weight easily

31
Q

Insulin does what?

A

Lowers blood glucose levels

32
Q

When rising thyroid hormones act in negative feedback on TSH secretion

A

Act on the anterior pituitary

33
Q 
Hyperthyroidism 
Hypothyroidism 
Pan hypo pituitary conditions 
Excess prolactin 
All of the above will cause problems with what?
A

Reproductive problems

34
Q

The hypothalamus synthesizes

A

CRH

35
Q

A child born without a functioning thyroid gland

A

Needs to be supplemented with thyroid hormone to avoid severe growth and mental retardation

36
Q

Thyroid hormones enter what and do what?

A

Enter cell and regulate gene expression

37
Q

The rate limiting step in cortisol production is

A

Cholesterol side chain cleavage

38
Q

Which of the following are 21 carbon steroids

A

Progestins

39
Q

Which of the following is the precursor for all of the others

A

Cholesterol

40
Q

The zona glomerulosa produces

A

Aldosterone

41
Q

Aldosterone secretion is directly stimulated by angiotensin 2

A

Angiotensin 2

42
Q

Rennin is secreted in response to

A

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

43
Q

Aldosterone stimulates

A

K+ secretion in urine

44
Q

Atrial Naturetic hormone stimulates what?

A

The secretion of Na+ in urine

45
Q

Corticotrophin is produced by the

A

Anterior pituitary

46
Q

Atrial natriuretic hormone is produced by the

A

Heart

47
Q

If the liver is diseased and unable to metabolize aldosterone

A

Elevated blood levels of aldosterone will contribute to hypertension

48
Q

Renin production is stimulated by

A

Low blood pressure sensed by juxtaglomerular cells

49
Q

In the total absence of Cortisol and aldosterone

A

Severe loss of blood volume will lead to circulatory shock

50
Q

On a boring day the highest levels of cortisol will be observed when?

A

7-8 am before breakfast

51
Q

Pain or injury,
emotional stress,
cytokines produced by the immune system
Will stimulate what?

A

Cortisol secretion

52
Q

Excessively high levels of cortisol

A

Suppress the activity of the immune system

53
Q

Cortisol exerts negative feedback action on the

A

Limbic system
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary

54
Q

Theca interna cells secrete

A

Androgens

55
Q

Insulin stimulates

A

Lipogenesis

56
Q

Which of the following can bind to aldosterone receptors

A

Cortisol
aldosterone
progesterone

Endo 2 (1 decks)

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