T-38 TOLD

Question 1

TORA

Answer 1

TAKE-OFF RUN AVAILABLE - The length of the runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane take-off

Question 2

TODA

Answer 2

TAKE-OFF DISTANCE AVAILABLE-The length of the takeoff run plus the length of the clearway, if provided.

Question 3

ASDA

Answer 3

ACCELERATE-STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE–The runway plus stopway length declared available and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of an airplane aborting a takeoff. (A stopway is comparable to a US Military ―overrun‖; it is paved and weight-bearing).

Question 4

LDA

Answer 4

LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE-The length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane landing.

Question 5

CFL

Answer 5

Critical Field Length is the total runway length required to
accelerate with both engines operating to the critical engine
failure speed, experience an engine failure, then either
continue to accelerate to Single-Engine Takeoff Speed
(SETOS) and takeoff (approximately 700 feet from start of
rotation at SETOS), or stop in the same distance

Question 6

REFUSAL SPEED

Answer 6

Refusal Speed (RS) is the maximum speed to which the
aircraft is able to accelerate with both engines operating in
MAX, and either: Abort with Both Engines Operating
(BEO) or abort with an Engine Failure (EF). In both
situations, a 3-second delay is allowed to recognize and
react to an event. During this 3-second reaction time, under
the Both Engines Operating scenario, both engines are
producing MAX thrust;in the Engine Failure scenario, one
engine is producing MAX thrust while the other engine is
windmilling. At the end of this period, throttles are pulled
to idle and the aircraft begins to decelerate as the engine
thrust decays. If the aircraft is in a three-point attitude and
the airspeed is below 130 KCAS, wheel brakes are gradually
applied such that desired braking is reached in 2
seconds. Wheel braking is limited to cautious braking from
130 to 100 KCAS, and optimum braking below 100 KCAS.
If the aircraft has rotated at abort initiation, the pitch
attitude is held in the rotated position of 7.5 degree for
aerobraking until 120 KCAS. Wheel braking is not used
while aerobraking. At 120 KCAS, the nose settles to the
runway, and at nose wheel touchdown, wheel brakes are
gradually applied such that desired braking is reached in 2
seconds. While decelerating, under the BEO scenario, both
engines are producing idle thrust. Under the EF scenario,
one engine is producing idle thrust and the other engine is
windmilling.

Question 7

SETOS

Answer 7

SETOS is the speed at which the aircraft is able to climb,
once clear of ground effect, at a minimum of 100 feet per
minute with gear down, flaps 60 percent. Rotation is
initiated at SETOS during a single-engine takeoff. The
minimum SETOS is two-engine takeoff speed.

Question 8

CEFS

Answer 8

Critical Engine Failure Speed is the speed to which the
aircraft accelerates with both engines, experience an engine failure, and permit either acceleration to (SETOS) and takeoff (approximately 700 feet from start of rotation at SETOS), or decelerate to a stop in the same distance.

Question 9

DECISION SPEED

Answer 9

Decision speed is the minimum speed at which the aircraft
is able to experience an instantaneous engine failure and
still accelerate to SETOS and takeoff (approximately 700
feet from start of rotation at SETOS) in the remaining
runway. At decision speed, a 3-second delay is allowed to
recognize and react to the engine failure; during which
time, acceleration continues with one engine in MAX thrust
and the other engine windmilling. If the aircraft reaches
Rotation Speed before or during this period, the aircraft
begins a rotation to the takeoff attitude. At the end of the 3-
second reaction time, the aircraft maintains or is returned to
a three-point attitude and accelerated to SETOS with neutral
stick.

Question 10

TAKEOFF DISTANCE

Answer 10

Takeoff distance is the distance in feet from brake release

to main gear lift off.

Question 11

ROTATION SPEED

Answer 11

Rotation speed is the speed at which
aft stick is initiated and takeoff speed is the speed at which
the main gear lifts off the runway. A 7.5 degree pitch
attitude is held through an altitude of 50 feet.

Question 12

MACS

Answer 12

MACS
is the minimum acceptable speed at the check distance with
which takeoff should be continued. MACS is computed to
allow for variations in engine performance due to engine
trim, throttle setting (e.g., formation takeoff), and pilot
technique.