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T Flashcards

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0
Q

Chemical testing

A

Serological rabbit serum with anti human antibody with othe serum to work out similarity
Phylogeny gorilla chimp human

Amino acid cellular respiration sense of evolutionary framework

DNa base code change same protein diff dna cause set has diff agg agt agc
Hybridisation - compares DNS by heating

Karyoptype - compares chromosomes
Position on centimetre and banding

Regulatory genes epithillaril cells muscle nerve

Mitochondrial DNa traces direct genetic lines had not under gone recombination

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1
Q

Evidence

A

Palaeontology fossils radioactive dating decomp soft body svavengers
Trace impression

Georgrsphical distribution baobab trees Africa Madagascar Australia
Supports plate tectonics

Comparative anatomy
Bird whale cat human deals with sim and diff in structures homo diverge above ana converge squirrel glider and vest human horse diverge

Comparative embryology
Same when embryo bunny cow pig human

Chemical evidence observe phenotypes then genotype a unravel DNa

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2
Q

Theories

A

Lamarck evolution occurs by transmission of acquired characteristics brought about by use or disuse

Darwin
Variations best adapted to environment will survive and produce offspring because favoured

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3
Q

Natural selection revsacd

A 
Reproduction 
Excess potential offspring
Variation
Selection
Adapt over time
Chance effects
Divergence and speciation
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4
Q

Variation

A

Mutation random error in generic blue print chromosomes DNS change
Low doesn’t change much

Sexual reproduction
Recom during meiosis
Asexual no variation ie violets

Gene flow
Immigrants emigrants genetic exchange

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5
Q

Selection eg key factor in achieving genetic equil

A

Chemical control sheep blowfly 1955 dieldrin 12 2 2 ecpenxice

Finches beaks selected to help eat

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6
Q

Gene pool

A

Subtotal of all alleles of individuals

Population

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7
Q

Evolution is change of allele frequency

A

No chane genetic equil

Change peppered moths

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8
Q

Hardy

A

Pop large

No mutations

No migration

Random repro

No selection pressure all not met hence micro evolution

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9
Q

Biological species

A

Group of organisms that interbred and isolate from other organisms

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10
Q

How species recognised

A

Morphology size shape appearance

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11
Q

2 types population

A

Continuous distrib

Fragmented

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12
Q

Gene flow

A

Migration gain loss of alleles

Small pop at risk
Large pop not Change

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13
Q

Genetic drift

A

Some can’t reproduce won’t pass on genes

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14
Q

Why pop small

A

Seasonal climate change
Disease heavy prediction
Catostropy

Cheetahs ice age 
Led to sperm abnormal 
Decreced find fecundity 
High cub mortality 
Sensity to disease
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15
Q

Founder

A

Isolated indiv non represent ice from parent pop evolve in different direction from parent pop

Small pop = subject to effects of random genetic drift

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16
Q

Founder migrates will have

A

Limited mobility

Prevailing winds

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17
Q

Natural selection acts of phenotypes

A

Reducing non favourable increasing favourable

Changes gene pool composition

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18
Q

Assertive mating is bad cause decrease variation by

A

Mating neighbour
Choosing similar mate
Asexual - violets

19
Q

Natural selection changes allele freq

A

This does not creat perfect organsi my

20
Q

Ns direction of change stable

A

Depends on selection pressure favours common phenotype eg baby birthweight

21
Q

Directional selectionsl

A

Favours one end of bell curve
Moths
Black bear size increased ice age decraed interglacial a

22
Q

Diruptive

A

Eliminates midle of curve

African swallowtail butterfiked

23
Q

Artificial selection

A

Humans chose is dog breeds

24
Q

Advantage heterozygous

A

Sickle cell malaria Africa Aust

25
Q

Fossil eg

A

Fish at Gogo in wa limestone inland sea

26
Q

How old is fossil

A

Radio metric uranium to lead
Igneous rock 200 million
Radiocarbon to nitrogen 5568 years limited to 50000 years cause loss of carbon

27
Q

Divergent homologous eg

A

Galapagos island finches

28
Q

Phylog tree depends on

A

Morphical
Physical
Molecular

29
Q

Cultural evolution

A

Language

Way to write

30
Q

Speciation

A

New species via natural selection

31
Q

Biological fitness

A

Measured by amount of fertile offspring in next generation

32
Q

Relative fitness

A

Environmental and natural selection

Eg replica plating

33
Q

Gene flow eg

A

Duffy blood group

34
Q

Genetic drift

A

Is change of allele freq via isolation and creating new colony

35
Q

Genetic drift eg

A

Parma valley Italy

36
Q

Genetic processes

A

Gene flow
Genetic drift
Natural selection

Explains why pop changes

37
Q

Speciation

A

1 divergent evolution
2 reproduction isolation

1 barrier splits and diverges
2 drifts small section - founder

38
Q

Geographic isolation eg

A

Tasmanian devil in Miocene period

39
Q

Genetic diversity = reproduction isolation

A

I

40
Q

Barriers to gene flow

A

Mechanical isolation structures don’t mate
Behavioural frogs have different mating calls
Elogical differ location

41
Q

Human intervention eg

A

Australian blowfly sheep

42
Q

Human intervention

A

Clearing habitats
Hunting
Over exploitation
Domestication

43
Q

Resistance depends on

A

No in pop
Generation time
Variation in pop

44
Q

Technology

A

Gene manipulation

45
Q

Variation occurs by

A

Genes and environment but only gebes pass on

46
Q

According to the natural selection theory of evolution all living organism diverged from a common origin dating back to 4 million years ago

A

K

Bio T4 (1 decks)

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