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Question 1

Virulence is also referred to as?

Answer 1

Pathogenicity

Question 2

Nematodes are also

Answer 2

Pseudocoelomates

Question 3

Nematodes can also belong to group —- and why?

Answer 3

Group Ecydysozoa because they shed cuticle periodically

Question 4

Where can we find 4m and 0.02cm roundworm respectively?

Answer 4

Whale and soil

Question 5

State all the four Koch’s postulate for confirmation of disease causing pathogen

Answer 5

1.Microbe must be found in diseased but not healthy individual
2.Microbes must be cultured from diseased individual
3.Inoculation of a healthy individual with the cultured microbe must recapitulate their disease
4.The microbe must be re isolated from the inoculated diseased individual and matched to the original mechanism

Question 6

——&——stated the postulate in year — based on the concept of — and then refined and published by —in year —

Answer 6

Robert Koch and Friedrich loeffler in year 1884,concept of Jakob henle ,by Koch in year 1890

Question 7

List the 3 nematodes categories

Answer 7

-Meloidogyne-root knot nematode
-Heterodera
-Globodera

Question 8

Circulation in nematode is done by

Answer 8

Diffussion

Question 9

The nematode found in banana is called

Answer 9

Radopholus

Question 10

Bursa closed but not reaching the tail is called

Answer 10

Leptoderans

Question 11

Arachiderans are

Answer 11

Bursa that covers the tail

Question 12

List the 5 stages of nematodes development

Answer 12

Egg-Juvenile-Larva-sex/gender differentiation-Adult

Question 13

Where is the male sexual organs of nematodes located

Answer 13

At the cloaca

Question 14

List the 3 classes of nematodes

Answer 14

-Tylenchs
-Longidonids
-Trichodonids

Question 15

Bursa by the side reaching the tail is called

Answer 15

Peloderans

Question 16

How many times does nematodes shed in a life time

Answer 16

3 times

Question 17

The — posses body attachment that aids movement

Answer 17

Criconemordeae

Question 18

What is the function of Bursa in male nematodes

Answer 18

To attach to the female

Question 19

What’s the difference between biotic and abiotic diseases

Answer 19

Biotic are caused by pathogens and can affect other plants
Abiotic is caused by physiological or environmental factors and can’t affect other plants but can be reversible

Question 20

What are the organisms that cause pathogenic disease

Answer 20

Bacteria,nematode,fungi,virus,micro plasma like organism,high parasitic plant

Question 21

List examples of non infectious or physiological diseases caused by environment

Answer 21

Too low/too high temp,Soil ph,state of soil moisture,lack or excess light,oxygen,air pollution

Question 22

What is a disease

Answer 22

It is a disintegration,malfunction and deviation from normal physiological process

Question 23

How do you know a plant has disease

Answer 23

When the normal plant process and retarded or increased beyond normal

Question 24

What does the presence of gall signify

Answer 24

Presence of nematodes

Question 25

List the conditions that Favour’s the development of disease causing organism

Answer 25

Susceptible host Virulent pathogen Favorable environment

Question 26

An example of endoparasite nematode is

Answer 26

Pratilenchus spp

Question 27

An ectoparasite that affects rat is called

Answer 27

Aphelocoides

Question 28

Give 2 examples of nematodes that vector roots and tuber virus

Answer 28

Xiphenema and Longidorus

Question 29

What are inanimate diseases/disorder

Answer 29

They are non pathogenic disease

Question 30

What’s infestation

Answer 30

They are caused by pest and can lead to infection

Question 31

What is virulence

Answer 31

It is the capability or ability of a pathogen to infect/affect host and breakdown it’s defense

Question 32

Who is the father of nematology

Answer 32

Cobb

Question 33

When was nematode discovered and how?

Answer 33

It was discovered in year 1745,through observation of a scientist on old wheat withering away

Question 34

Does nematode have circulatory and respiratory system?

Answer 34

No.but they posses every other organs

Question 35

— is a defensive mechanism

Answer 35

Exudate

Question 36

What is Mycology

Answer 36

It is the study of Fungi

Question 37

What is gall and canker

Answer 37

These are reaction of the host tissue upon penetration of pathogen

Question 38

Vascular wilt are caused by

Answer 38

Fungi or nematode

Question 39

What is canker

Answer 39

Healed but deformed

Question 40

What is dieback

Answer 40

From the tip to the stem

Question 41

What is Epinasty

Answer 41

Abnormal twisting and downward bending caused by virus

Question 42

Which parasite can only live inside the plant but can’t survive outside the plant?mention one example

Answer 42

Obligate parasite.Virus

Question 43

Which factor of disease are difficult to identify and control

Answer 43

Abiotic factor

Question 44

Define symptoms

Answer 44

It is a physical abnormal development of a plant resulting from diseases.It is also a response or reaction and it involves change in color,texture and odor e.g stunted growth

Question 45

What are signs

Answer 45

They are any observable part or reminant of a pathogen e.g chlorosis

Question 46

Symptoms can be external/internal,microscopic/macroscopic.True /false

Answer 46

True

Question 47

How many percent of worlds population depends on grass family

Answer 47

3 quarter I.e 3/4

Question 48

What are the two response of plant to disease

Answer 48

-Chemical -Histological

Question 49

Define hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Answer 49

Hypertrophy:is when cells enlarge Hyperplasia:is when cells divide faster

Question 50

What is Symptomology

Answer 50

It is the study of symptoms and signs as evidence of disease in diagnosis

Question 51

Who named the tobacco mosaic disease

Answer 51

Mayer in 1886

Question 52

Need ham in —- firstly reported nematodes in —-

Answer 52

1743,wheat falls

Question 53

Fire blight of apple was caused in —- by a bacterium called—

Answer 53

1878 Erwinia amyloyora

Question 54

— and — in — proved that the anthrax disease of cattle was caused by bacterium

Answer 54

Pasteur and Koch in 1876