sz

Question 1

issues with relaibiltiya nad validiy

Answer 1

prevelanec of sz-split of sz mind and reality
men more commonly diagnosed

Question 2

three psycholgoical explanations of sz

Answer 2

sz mother
froommm reichmann who proposed psychodynamic explantion based ona ccounts from patiens childhoods
many mentioned specific type of paret, sz mother
tis mother is cold rejecting and creates family climate of tension adn secrety
leads to distrust and therefore paranoid delusions, leading to sz

double bind theory
bateson who emphaseid the role of communcation within a family

child regualry trapped in situations where they worry about doing teh wrong thing and recive mixed messages
feel unable to comment about how unfair or seek clarfitiaiton
when they get it wrong, punsihed by withdarl of love

Question 3

double bidn theory

Answer 3

bateson emphasies role of communcation within a faimly
child regalry trapped in situations wherr worry about doign wrog thing, recive mizxed messages
feel unable to comment or seek clarification
if do soemthing wron, punsihed with wrotdrwl of loe
feel world is confusing and dagerous leading to paradiod delusions

Question 4

high express3ed emotion

Answer 4

level of emotion ,mostly negative towards sz pteitns by their cariers

includes verbal criticism with occasional violence
hostility towards pateitn
emotional over involemnt in life
high EE toward ptient, makes rthem feel stressed and bid factor in relapse

Question 5

pscyholgoical explanaions for sz

Answer 5

CFT
cant
face time

cognieve behavioral therapy-
5-20 sessions
group or individual basis
intial assessment helps establish goals for therapy
aims to help pateitns identify irrational theoughts and tr to challenge them using the ABC model
doesnt get rid of sz but helps patient cope

helps patnet undertand where synptoms come form and can be ebnefical

family therapy-
with facmilies rateh rthen sz individuals

tries to improve ciommuncation adn jinteractions fo family memebrs

typically lasts 3-12 month and goes on for 10 sessions

reduces stress f caring for a sz
improevs family ability to anticapye and solve probekms
reduce anger and guilt

token economies
reward systems used to manage ebhaviorus of SZ
espcially used for those who have been instuisonalised (spent log time in hopital0 and developed maaldaptive behviorus e.g spenign all day in pysjams
does not cure SZ for imporving quality of life may increase chances of livig putsode of the hospital

assign value to tokens
decide taget behaviorus e.g mking bed, socialiting
if do behvaiour, rinfoeced so given token

e.g coluoured disks
given immediatelt when tehy do desrived behaviour e.g making bed

must be immediate to prvent delay discounting-where fsomething is less rewarding after delay
can then be swapped laer for a reard
based on pricniple of ppoerant conditioning
tokens are secondadry reinforcers

Question 6

gender bias

Answer 6

refers to misrepreasntion in attitudes and bleifes based on prejudice or pre extsing ideas concering gender
e.g women more nurturing then men

alpha bias-refers to theories which exaggerate differences in males and females
these may enhane or undervalue memebrs of either sex, typically undervalue females

beta bias-refers to theroeiss whichh ignore or inisme sex difefrenecs
assuem male findigns can eqully apply to females

explae of alpha bias-evoutlionery explanations
evloution is the need for humans to surveive theorfore reporduce

Question 7

SET (social exchange theory)

Answer 7

economic theory of how relaitonships form and devlop
cliams partners in relationships strive to maximise rewards e.g emotional support and minise costs e.g stress arguments

rewards and costs are subjective
e.g wahat one person sees as low cosrg, another may see as low cost or even rewarding to someone else
also rewards and costs may change through course of relationship
e.g what could be seen as rewaring at satrt f realitonship may ebcome less over time

comapriosn level-persons idea of hwo much reward they feserve to receive in relaitonship
perception becomes more sophiscticed with experince
depends on self esteem
person with high self esteem, has higher expections of rewards then someone with low self esteem
also infleunecd by social cultural factors e.g books, tv porgrammes

consider pursing relaitonship if comparison level is equal to or better then previous relaitonships

comaprion level for alternatives
conercns a person perception of whetehr other relaitonship or staying on own may be more rewaring then current relaitonsip
states will remain in current relaionship as long as more rewarding then alternatives
if costs outwieght wards, then alternativees become more attractive