Systolic Function Msmts

Question 1

IVCT

Answer 1

Isovolumic Contraction

• Valves Closed
• Volume Constant
• Ventricular Pressure Increasing

Question 2

IVRT

Answer 2

Isovolumic Relaxation

• Valves are closed
• Volume Constant
• Ventricular Pressure Decreasing

Question 3

When is IVRT measured?

Answer 3

Time from the closure of the AOV until Mitral flow begins

Question 4

When is IVCT measured?

Answer 4

Measured from closure of MV until AOV flow begins.

AKA pre-ejection period

Question 5

What serves as indirect signs of Systolic Function?

Answer 5

EPSS
MV opening
Gradual closure of AOV in systole

Question 6

What is the formula for fractional shortening?

Answer 6

LVIDd-LVIDs/LVIDd x 100

Question 7

What is the normal range for fractional shortening?

Answer 7

25-45%

Question 8

What is fractional shortening derived from?

Answer 8

Linear LV cavity msmts from diastole to systole.

Gives rough estimate of systolic LV function.

Question 9

What is the definition of Stroke Volume?

Answer 9

The amount of blood ejected per beat.

Question 10

What is the normal range for SV?

Answer 10

70-100cc

Question 11

What is the formula for SV?

Answer 11

SV=CSA x VTI

Question 12

CSA

Answer 12

Cross Sectional Area
Usually LVOT
0.785 x diameter squared

Question 13

VTI

Answer 13

Velocity Time Integral

Question 14

What is the definition of Cardiac Output?

Answer 14

Amount of blood ejected per min

Question 15

What is the normal range for CO?

Answer 15

4-8 lpm

Question 16

What is the formula for CO?

Answer 16

SV x HR

Question 17

What is the definition for CI?

Answer 17

CO corrected for body size

Question 18

What is the calculation for CI?

Answer 18

CO/BSA

BSA derived from height and weight data entry

Question 19

What is the normal range for CI?

Answer 19

2.5-4.0 lpm/m squared

Question 20

What does Ejection Fraction estimate?

Answer 20

Estimate of the % ejected during systole

Question 21

What is the calculation for EF?

Answer 21

EDV-ESV/EDV x 100
OR
SV/EDV x 100

Question 22

What is the normal range for EF?

Answer 22

50-75%

most commonly visually estimated

Question 23

Using the Simpson’s Method of Disks, what and when are the 2-D traces taken?

Answer 23

Apical 2 and Apical 4 chamber taken at end-diastole and end-systole

Question 24

About how many equally spaced disks are there usually?

Answer 24

Around 20

Question 25

What information is yielded from Simpson’s Method of Disk?

Answer 25

EDV, ESV, SV, CO,CI, and EF

Question 26

What is the total weight of the myocardium?

Answer 26

LV mass

Question 27

When acquiring LV mass, in the PSAX what planimetry is taken and when?

Answer 27

Epicardial and Endocardial Border

End-Diastole