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Big Data Management and Governance pt.1 > SystemStorage > Flashcards

SystemStorage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main categories of physical storage based on power dependency?

A

Volatile and Non-volatile storage

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2
Q

What is the key characteristic of volatile storage?

A

It loses its contents when power is switched off

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3
Q

What is the key characteristic of non-volatile storage?

A

It retains its contents even when power is switched off

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4
Q

What is the primary example of volatile storage?

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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5
Q

What are the 7 factors to consider when selecting storage solutions?

A

Access Speed Capacity Cost Reliability Power Consumption Physical Size Scalability

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6
Q

What is the access time of L1 Cache?

A

Less than 1 nanosecond

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7
Q

What are the three main levels of storage hierarchy groups?

A

Primary storage (volatile) Secondary storage (online) Tertiary storage (offline)

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8
Q

What are the 3 main storage interfaces?

A

SATA SAS NVMe

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9
Q

What is the maximum data transfer speed of SATA 3.0?

A

6 Gbps

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10
Q

What is the maximum data transfer speed of SAS-3?

A

12 Gbps

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11
Q

What are the key components of an HDD?

A

Platters Read/Write Heads Actuator Arm Spindle

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12
Q

What is a sector in HDD?

A

The smallest unit of data that can be read/written (typically 512 bytes)

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13
Q

What are the two components of HDD access time?

A

Seek Time and Rotational Latency

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14
Q

What are the main components of an SSD?

A

NAND Flash Memory Controller Cache Host Interface

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15
Q

What is wear leveling in SSDs?

A

Technique to assign “cold data” to frequently erased pages and “hot data” to less erased pages

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16
Q

What is RAID?

A

Redundant Array of Independent Disks - technology combining multiple disk drives into a logical unit

17
Q

What is the key feature of RAID 0?

A

Data striping across drives with no redundancy

18
Q

What is the key feature of RAID 1?

A

Data mirroring across two or more drives

19
Q

What is the key feature of RAID 5?

A

Striping with distributed parity across all drives

20
Q

What’s the difference between SAN and NAS?

A

SAN provides block-level access while NAS provides file-level access

21
Q

What is the typical access time range for RAM?

A

50-100 nanoseconds

22
Q

What is the typical access time range for SSDs?

A

20-100 microseconds

23
Q

What is the typical access time range for HDDs?

A

5-10 milliseconds

24
Q

What is the main advantage of NVMe over SATA?

A

Lower latency and higher throughput due to direct CPU connection

25
Q

What is the purpose of CPU cache?

A

To store frequently accessed data and instructions

26
Q

What is the capacity utilization of RAID 1?

A

50% of total drive capacity

27
Q

What is the purpose of garbage collection in SSDs?

A

Reclaims space from deleted data

28
Q

How many erase cycles can a typical NAND flash cell endure?

A

100000 to 1000000 erases

29
Q

What is the function of the HDD controller?

A

Interface between computer system and hardware accepts high-level commands

30
Q

What is data striping?

A

Technique of splitting data across multiple drives to improve performance

31
Q

What components make up the storage hierarchy from fastest to slowest?

A

CPU Registers -> CPU Cache -> RAM -> SSD -> HDD -> Network Storage -> Tape Archives

32
Q

What is the primary advantage of RAID 6 over RAID 5?

A

Better reliability due to double parity blocks

33
Q

What is hot swapping in RAID systems?

A

Ability to replace disk while system is running

34
Q

What is data scrubbing in RAID?

A

Continually scanning for latent failures

35
Q

What is the primary use case for RAID 10?

A

High-performance databases requiring both redundancy and speed

Big Data Management and Governance pt.1 (13 decks)

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