Systems Working Together

Question 1

Left Atrium

Answer 1

upper left section of the heart where oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart

Question 2

Heart

Answer 2

A muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system so that oxygen and nutrients can be transported to the body’s cells and wastes can be transported away

Question 3

Left ventricle

Answer 3

lower left section of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

Question 4

Aorta

Answer 4

A large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of your heart to your body

Question 5

Arterioles

Answer 5

vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillaries

Question 6

Deoxygenated blood

Answer 6

blood from which some oxygen has been removed

Question 7

Venules

Answer 7

Small veins

Question 8

Vena cava

Answer 8

large vein leading into the top right chamber of the heart

Question 9

Right atrium

Answer 9

upper right section of the heart where deoxygenated blood from the body enters

Question 10

Pulmonary artery

Answer 10

the vessel through which deoxygenated blood, carrying wastes from respiration, travels from the heart to the lungs

Question 11

Right ventricle

Answer 11

lower right section of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 12

Red blood cells

Answer 12

living cells in the blood that transport oxygen to all other living cells in the body. Oxygen is carried by the red pigment haemoglobin

Question 13

Pulmonary Vein

Answer 13

the vessel through which oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the heart

Question 14

Digestive system

Answer 14

a complex series of organs and glands that processes food in order to supply your body with the nutrients it needs to function effectively

Question 15

Excretory system

Answer 15

the body system that removes waste substances from the body

Question 16

Digestion

Answer 16

breakdown of food into a form that can be used by an animal. It includes both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

Question 17

Enzymes

Answer 17

special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

Question 18

Saliva

Answer 18

watery substance in the mouth that moistens food before swallowing

Question 19

Salivary glands

Answer 19

glands in the mouth that produce saliva

Question 20

Chemical digestion

Answer 20

the chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream for use in other parts of the body

Question 21

Mechanical digestion

Answer 21

digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with the teeth

Question 22

Bolus

Answer 22

round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier

Question 23

Oesophagus

Answer 23

part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth and pharynx with the stomach

Question 24

Peristalsis

Answer 24

the process of pushing food along the oesophagus or small intestine by the action of muscles

Question 25

Small intestine

Answer 25

the part of the digestive system between the stomach and large intestine, where much of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients takes place

Question 26

Absorption

Answer 26

the taking in of a substance, for example, from the intestine to the surrounding capillaries

Question 27

Villi

Answer 27

tiny finger-like projections from the wall of the intestine that maximise the surface area of the structure to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption. Singular = villus.

Question 28

Bile

Answer 28

a substance produced by the liver that helps digest fats and oils

Question 29

Gall bladder

Answer 29

a small organ that stores and concentrates bile within the body

Question 30

Lipases

Answer 30

enzymes that break fats and oils down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 31

Amylases

Answer 31

an enzyme in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar

Question 32

Proteases

Answer 32

enzymes that break proteins down into amino acids

Question 33

Pancreas

Answer 33

a large gland in the body that produces and secretes the hormone insulin and an important digestive fluid containing enzymes

Question 34

Colon

Answer 34

the part of the large intestine where a food mass passes from the small intestine, and where water and other remaining essential nutrients are absorbed into your body

Question 35

Large intestine

Answer 35

the penultimate part of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from the waste before it is transported out of the body

Question 36

Vitamin D

Answer 36

a nutrient that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promotes the healthy growth and remodelling of bone, along with other functions

Question 37

Cellulose

Answer 37

a natural substance that keeps the cell walls of plants rigid

Question 38

Rectum

Answer 38

the final section of the digestive system, where waste food matter is stored as faeces before being excreted through the anus

Question 39

Anus

Answer 39

the final part of the digestive system, through which faeces are passed as waste

Question 40

Excretion

Answer 40

removal of wastes from the body

Question 41

Skin

Answer 41

external covering of an animal body

Question 42

Lungs

Answer 42

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Question 43

Liver

Answer 43

largest gland in the body. The liver secretes bile for digestion of fats, builds proteins from amino acids, breaks down many substances harmful to the body and has many other essential functions.

Question 44

Kidneys

Answer 44

body organs that filter the blood, removing urea and other wastes

Question 45

Nephrons

Answer 45

the filtration and excretory units of the kidney