Systems Theory Flashcards
General Systems - Change
-change occurs by helping the system view the problem in the context of the family
-the family system is the focal point of interventions
General Systems - Role of the therapist
Helps the family explore:
-belief systems
-rules and roles that are present in the family
-family hierarchy
-expectations
-defense mechanisms and their purpose
General Systems - Main concepts
-homeostasis
-feedback loops
-calibration
-wholeness
-equifinality
-equipotentiality
-first order change
-second order change
-nonsummativity
-boundaries
General systems - tx goals
-move toward equilibrium
-explore and recognize healthier interactions to decrease dysfunctional behaviors/patterns
-help family rework beliefs
-assist individual family members in seeing their role in any given dynamic
-increase family member’s understanding of deafferent experiences and perceptions
-assist in correcting problematic or unhealthy feedback loops
General systems - interventions
-observe feedback loops
-explore: belief system, family values, rules and roles, hierarchy, expectations, circular causality between members of the family
-reframe presenting issues as system issues
-explore each family member’s role in dysfunctional interactions
-challenge the communication
Bowen - change
-change occurs by understanding multigenerational dynamics and differentiation
Bowen - therapist’s role
-coach/educator
-supervisor
-investigator
-neutral
Bowen - tx goals
-self differentiation
-decrease emotional fusion
-improve communication
-decrease recurrence of dysfunctional patterns
-reduce emotional reactivity
-facilitate detriangulation
Bowen - key concepts
-triangles
-differentiation of self
-nuclear family emotional system
-family projection process
-multigenerational transmission process
-emotional cut off
-genogram
Bowen - interventions
-reduce anxiety/emotional turmoil in the family system by talking to therapist
-reframing
-genogram
-detriangulation
-increasing differentiation
-teaching “I” statements
-opening cut off relationships
-interactions with family
-models
-bibliotherapy
Strategic - change
-change occurs through action oriented directives and paradoxical interventions
Strategic - role of therapist
-delivers directives that facilitates change
-focuses on solving problem/eliminating symptoms
-designs a specific approach for each person’s presenting problem
Strategic - interventions
-paradoxical directives
-positioning
-homework
-prescribing the symptom
-restraining
-ordeals
Structural - change
-change occurs through restructuring the family’s organization
Structural - therapist’s role
-active and involved
-helps the family understand how family structure can be changed, the impact of rituals and rules, and how new patterns of interaction can be integrated into the family
Structural - primary concepts
-alliances
-coalitions
-power hierarchy
-subsystems
-family map
-disengaged boundaries
-enmeshed boundaries
Structural - interventions
-joining
-tracking
-mimesis
-unbalancing
-reframe
-enactment
-boundary making
Satir - change
-change occurs through self awareness and improved communication
Satir - role of therapist
-facilitator
-resource detective
-genuine and warm
-honest and direct
Satir - tx goals
-clients to increase congruent communication, improve self esteem/confidence and personal growth
Satir - key concepts/interventions
-incongruent communication
-styles of communication
-modeling communication
-family life chronology
-family sculpting
-taking responsibility
-metaphors and story telling
-transforming rules
Psychodynamic - change
-Change occurs through insight and understanding of early unresolved issues
Psychodynamic - role of the therapist
-assumes nondirective role
-establishes holding environment and the opportunity to develop a secure attachment
psychodynamic - key concepts
-past influences the present
-underlying conflicts
-defense mechanisms
-transference
-countertransference
-interpretation
psychodynamic - assessment
-emphasis on early development
-the role of the past and unconscious is very important
-clients identify thoughts and feelings regarding events in the past
psychodynamic - tx goals
-uncover and interpret unconscious impulses and defenses against them
-examine client’s self awareness and understanding of the influence of the past
-enhance ego strength and self esteem
-decrease unhealthy coping mechanisms
-access painful feelings in a safe environment
-examine early relationships, attachments, and interactions to discover what issues from the family of origin might be projected in current relationships
psychodynamic - interventions
-establish and holding environment
-observe and reflect the ways in which a client projects previous object relationships into therapeutic interactions
-therapist points out patterns of distortion and manipulation
-avoid being pulled into the client’s maladaptive patterns
-identify and resolve the underlying causes of internal and relational conflict
-interpret transference
CBT Beginning Phase
-establish safe and support therapeutic relationship
-complete functional analysis to assess and define the problem and negative thought patterns
-educate and explain CBT
-set COLLABORATIVE goals
CBT Middle phase
-identify negative thought patterns
-uncover negative schemas
-assign homework to self monitor thoughts, moods, and behaviors
-label cognitive distortions
-reframe thoughts
-learn and practice new skills and behaviors
CBT End phase
-review gains
-identify skills learned
-rehearse for new situations
-anticipate future struggles
REBT Beginning phase
-provide psychoeducation regarding REBT
-identify underlying irrational thought patters and beliefs and the resulting feelings and behaviors
REBT Middle phase
-challenge mistaken beliefs
-therapist must dispute these beliefs using very direct (confrontational) methods
-blunt, honest, and logical in order to push people toward changing thoughts and behaviors
-clients are encouraged o change unwanted behaviors using meditation, journaling, and guided imagery
REBT End phase
-review progress made and apply learned skills to anticipated future struggles
DBT Beginning phase
-move client from out of control to achieving behavioral control
-mindfulness and distress tolerance skills are taught
-focus on addressing self harm
DBT Middle phase
-fuller emotional experience
-support client to learn to live
-define life goals
-build self respect
-find peace and happiness
DBT End phase
-finding deeper meaning through a spiritual existence
Client/person centered phases
-NO PHASES OF TX BECAUSE IT IMPLIES THAT THE THERAPIST HAS AN AGENDA
Gestalt phases
-NO PHASES BC GESTALT DOESN’T HAVE A MAP. THE FOCUS IS ON THE HERE AND NOW.
Existential phases
-NO DISTINCT PHASES
Experiential/symbolic beginning phase
-engage family as authentic people
-battle for structure
-encourage all members to attend
-family wins battle of initiative
-gather info about boundaries, coalitions, roles, and level of conflict
experiential/symbolic middle phase
-develop a sense of cohesion
-create alternative interactions
-highlight inappropriate boundaries
-role play situations
-use play and craziness
experiential symbolic end phase
-highlight accomplishments and reflect on growth
-identify possible blocks to future growth
-role play future scenarios
-each member expresses feelings about their experience of therapy
narrative beginning phase
-client is invited to tell their problem saturated stories
narrative early/middle phase
-the problem is externalized
-mapping the influence/effects of the problem
-identify/explore unique outcomes
-re-author story
-enlist a witness
narrative end phase
-create written artifacts
-document and support new narrative
-write letters to self and others
SF Beginning phase
-join with client competencies
-envision preferred future
-begin to identify client’s strengths
-use solution oriented language
-achievable goals
SF middle phase
-identify strengths, resources, and traits client already has used to deal with problem
-utilize solution talk
-identify exceptions to the problems
-utilize scaling questions to reflect on the nature of change the client has experienced
-feedback to clients that include compliments and tasks
-catch and highlight small changes
-compliments and cheerleading
SF End phase
-assist the client to identify things they can do to continue the changes they have made
-identify hurdles or perceived barriers that could get in the way of the changes they made
Psychodynamic beginning phase
-establish holding environment
-build rapport and therapeutic alliance through listening, exploration of client’s experience, empathy, interpretation, and maintaining neutrality
Psychodynamic middle phase
-promote insight and growth
-increase individuation
-work through termination and abandonment issues
psychodynamic end phae
-terminate therapy when client is able to put new insights into action
OR beginning phase
same as psychodynamic
-establish holding environment
-build rapport and therapeutic alliance through listening, exploration of client’s experience, empathy, interpretation, and maintaining neutrality
OR Middle phase
-promote insight and growth through interpretation
-confront resistance and primitive defense mechanisms
-focus on transference/countertransference dynamic
-identify and process projective identification
OR end phase
-work through termination and abandonment issues
-consolidate interpretations
-review insights gained in therapy
Self psychology psychodynamic beginning phase
-establish therapeutic holding environment
-demonstrate that the therapist is able to provide containment
-provide experience near empathy
-explore client’s problem and history
Self psychology psychodynamic middle phase
-repair disruptions of the self object transference
-addressing enactments
-empathizing with losses and blows to self
-mourning loss of self objects
-mourning ambitions and fantasies
-identifying alternative self objects
Self psychology psychodynamic end phase
-reflect on the treatment process
-acknowledge and process issues related to termination
bowen beginning phase
-create a family diagram of multigenerational emotional connections
-assess individuals levels of differentiation and triangulation
-identify dysfunctional patterns that have been passed along
bowen middle phase
-teach and model differentiation through communication skill building
-de-triangulation
-encourage reunification from cutoff family members
-teach the family how to take responsibility for their feelings and thoughts
bowen end phase
-review new skills and knowledge gained in therapy
strategic beginning phase
-define the problem
-determine how client understands the problem
-assess family’s destructive patterns of relating and communication the continued problem
-state goals (what behaviors need to change and what would be the signs of change)
strategic middle phase
-review attempted solutions
-assign ordeals
-prescribe the problem
-relabel behavior
-instruct client to respond to the problem in a new way
strategic end phase
-plan for maintenance of new behavior
-plan for future challenges
-emphasize positive changes made
-highlight tools
structural beginning phase
-join with family
-accommodate and challenge rules of family system
-assessment/mapping of hierarchy, alignments, boundaries
-reframing the problem to include whole system
structural middle phase
-highlight and modify interactions
-utilize enactments of issues to challenge participants and unbalance the system
structural end phase
-review progress made
-reinforce structural change
-provide tools for future
Satir beginning phase
-establish rapport
-establish a sense of equality and hope
-assess communication patterns, stances, and concerns
-identify treatment focus and goals
satir middle phase
-increase the family’s congruent communication
-support and strengthen each individuals sense of uniqueness and self esteem
satir end phase
-help family practice, implement, and integrate changes and increase awareness of larger familial patterns
attachment beginning phase
-attunement
-therapist provides a secure base by demonstrating empathy and care
-collaboratively identify client’s attachment style
attachment middle phase
-explore disruptions
-support client’s ability to regulate and express emotions in relationally difficult situations
-teach clients to have a reflective stance toward themselves
attachment end phase
-repair work
-therapist helps client create a new reality of painful events for the client in order to get rid of unwanted emotions and reactions
