Systems and nutrient interactions

Question 1

components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

 Heart
 Blood vessels  Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries
 Blood
 Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, clotting factors, platelets, other components

Question 2

functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

 Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, hormones, and helps with immune response and temperature regulation
 Portal vein – transports absorbed nutrients from small intestine to liver (except lipids)

Question 3

components of the lymphatic system

Answer 3

 Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph fluid empties into cardiovascular system

Question 4

functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 4

 Removes foreign substances from blood and
lymph
 Fights disease
 Tissue fluid balance
 Fat absorption (first absorbed into the lymphatic system, then carried in the bloodstream)

Question 5

Into which system are glucose and amino acids absorbed?

Answer 5

after the digestive system, nutrients are transported through the cardiovascular system

Question 6

Which structure carries amino acids and glucose to the liver before being dispersed to the rest of the body?

Answer 6

The portal vein carries nutrients from the small intestine to the liver while the hepatic vein carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the vena cava (heart)

Question 7

nto which system is lipid absorbed?

Answer 7

Lipids are absorbed into the lymph system first.

Question 8

Which system eventually ends up carrying absorbed lipids?

Answer 8

The lipids are eventually carried by/ into the bloodstream.

Question 9

nervous system components

Answer 9

 Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

Question 10

nervous system functions

Answer 10

Function:
 Regulate and control virtually all body activities  Specific nutrition connections:
 Fat coat on myelin sheaths (like “insulation” on live electrical wires)
 Some neurotransmitters formed from amino acids  Tryptophanserotonin
 Tyrosinedopamine, epinephrine

Question 11

components of the endocrine system

Answer 11

Glands and hormones

Question 12

examples of the endocrine system

Answer 12

 Thyroid gland, produces thyroid hormone  Pancreas, produces insulin
 Adrenal glands, produce adrenaline

Question 13

function of the endocrine system

Answer 13

 Regulates reproduction and cell metabolism

Question 14

components of the lymphatic system

Answer 14

Lymph system, skin, white blood cells, antibodies

Question 15

functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 15

 Fights disease
 Specific immunity
 Nonspecific immunity
 Antibodies are made from protein
 Nutritional deficiencies quickly lead to immunocompromised state

Question 16

Why are antibodies and white blood cells part of “specific immunity?”

Answer 16

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Question 17

Why is skin the major component of “nonspecific immunity?”

Answer 17

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Question 18

Why does an elderly man with poor appetite and poor protein intake have an elevated risk for infections?

Answer 18

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Question 19

components of the urinary system

Answer 19

Kidneys, ureters, bladder

Question 20

functions of the urinary system

Answer 20

 Filter and remove waste and excess water-soluble vitamins and some minerals from blood
 Help maintain acid-base balance
 Form active vitamin D
 Make erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates red blood cell synthesis)
 Make glucose from certain amino acids under fasting/starving conditions