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Systems Thinking > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

0
Q

Name as many properties of a system as you can (try for 7)

A 
Purpose
Components
Interactions between components
Dynamic
Feedback loops
Inputs and outputs
Boundaries
Control mechanism
Congruity to recover from failure
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1
Q

What is a system?

A

Set of components working together to establish a purpose

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2
Q

Benefits of system analysis (4)

A

Better understanding of problems
Considers whole situation
Encourages ideas about relationships
Proactive measure to predict situations

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3
Q

Name the four system types

A

Natural
Designed
Social
Human Purpose

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4
Q

Example of Natural System

A

Sea Urchin - single cell merges with others to look for food

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5
Q

Example of Designed System

A

Car Engine - systematically

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6
Q

Example of Social System

A

Education System

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7
Q

Example of Human Purpose System

A

Student Enrolment

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8
Q

What is a Lean System

A

System created for a purpose other than creation of value to end customer - QA system

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9
Q

Define Reductionism

A

Focuses on a set of parts, avoids viewing system as a whole - interactions

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10
Q

Define Holistic View

A

Whole is more than the sum of the parts

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11
Q

Define Boundary

A

Used to identify what is in/out of scope

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12
Q

Define Hierarchy

A

Levels of influence 1,2,3..

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13
Q

Define Emergent Behaviour

A

Behaviour that occurs when components combine to create a desired effect

Intended and Unintended
Can be deterministic

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14
Q

Define Open and Closed Systems - Differences/Example for each

A

Open System - constantly changing in response to the environment - Pond

Closed System - fixed variables, self supporting - Sea Urchin

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15
Q

Define Theoretical Concept

A

States no system can be 100% closed

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16
Q

Define Cybernetics

A

System which is self regulating - Thermostat controls temperature

17
Q

Positive v Negative Feedback

A

Positive - change impacts causing more change

Negative - balanced providing control/limits on systems

18
Q

Define Complex Adaptive System

A

Adaptive/dynamic to the environment

19
Q

Define Requisite Variety

A

Control mechanism based on prediction of events - give variety of potential outcomes

20
Q

Define Casual Maps

A

How components affect each other - Cause and Effect

21
Q

Benefits Rich Picture

A

Visual representation of situation

Shows emergence of problems

22
Q

Define Hard Systems Thinking

A

Man-made designed to do particular function, clearly bounded and predictable

23
Q

Define Engineering Metaphor

A

‘Humans engineering the machine’

  • Controllable
  • Scientific answers
  • Cause and effect
24
Q

Define System Dynamics

A

Jay Forrester - felt ‘Hard Approach’ to mathematical/statistical

Uses Casual Maps

Doesn’t consider worldview

25
Q

Define Soft Systems Thinking

A

Peter Checkland - tackle organisational issues

SSM are complex, dynamic and unpredictable

26
Q

SSM(p)

A

Finding out
Model building
Discussion and debate
Define actions

27
Q

Define problematical situation

A

Defines problem that has emerged, ‘helicopter view’ required

Problem Owner
Problem Solver

28
Q

Consensus v Accommodation

A

Consensus - agreed outcome

Accommodation - ‘live with it’

29
Q

Define Action Research

A

Problem Observer - becomes part of the group for better understanding

30
Q

Issue Based v Primary Task

A

Issue Based - focuses on issues

Primary Task - focuses on purposeful activity

31
Q

CATWOE

A 
Customers
Actors
Transformations
Worldview
Owner
Environment
32
Q

Define Efficacy, Efficiency and Effectiveness

A

Efficacy - intended outcome
Efficiency - use of resources
Effectiveness - long-term aim

Efficacy ‘getting things done’
Effectiveness - ‘getting things done right’

33
Q

Define Analysis One

A

Initial Intervention
Client
Practitioner
Issue Owner

34
Q

Define Analysis Two

A

Social/Culture
Roles
Norms
Values

35
Q

Define Analysis Three

A

Who has the power
Resources
Meaning
Power

36
Q

Define Commodity of Power

A

Who controls and owns information

37
Q

Define Idea Network

A

Involves creative thinking with collection of thoughts/ideas

38
Q

Define Small World Networks

A

Interactions between small groups

Agile - Product Owner

39
Q

Chas Theory -
What is Initial Conditions?
What are Strange Attractors?

A

Initial Conditions - value of measurements at a given time

Strange Attractors - dynamic chaotic behaviour - unstable/unpredictable

Systems Thinking (3 decks)

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