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quick hit micro shelf > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

1
Q

normal flora skin

A

s. epidermis

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2
Q

normal flora nose

A

s. epidermis/ s. aureus colonizes

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3
Q

normal flora oropharynx

A

viridans group strep

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4
Q

normal flora detnal plaque

A

s. mutans

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5
Q

normal flora colon

A

B. fragilis > e. coli

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6
Q

NF vagina

A

lactobacillus, e. coli and GBS

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7
Q

FP from reheated rice

A

B. cereus

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8
Q

FP from improperly canned foods

A

C. botulinum

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9
Q

FP from reheated meat dishes

A

C. perfringens

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10
Q

FP from undercooked meat

A

E. coli O157:H7

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11
Q

FP from poultry, meat, eggs

A

salmonella

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12
Q

FP from meats, mayo, custard (preformed toxin)

A

S. aureus

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13
Q

FP from seafood

A

V. paraheamolyticus and vulnificus

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14
Q

Bloody Diar. comma-shaped org grows at 42

A

camyplobacter

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15
Q

Blood Diar. protozoan, amebic dysentery, liver abscess

A

E. histolytica

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16
Q

Blood Diar. O157:H7; can cause HUS, makes shiga-like toxin

A

ETEC

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17
Q

Bloood Diar. invades colonic mucosa

A

EIEC

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18
Q

Bloody Diar. flagellar motility, normal animal reservoir, poultry, eggs

A

Salmonella

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19
Q

Bloody Diar. with very low ID, produces shiga toxin

A

Shigella

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20
Q

Bloody Diar. with pseudoappendicitis in day-care outbreaks

A

Y. enterolitica

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21
Q

Water Diar. pseudomembranous Colitis, caused by Abs

A

c. diff

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22
Q

Watery Diar. that can cause gas gangrene

A

C. perfringens

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23
Q

Watery Travelers Diarrhea, with heat-labile and heat-stable toxins

A

ETEC

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24
Q

Watery diar. caused by protozoa

A

giardia, cryptosporidium (immunocomp)

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25
Q

watery diar. comma shaped org; rice-water diarrhea; often from seafood

A

V. cholera

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26
Q

Watery Diar. viruses

A

rotavirus (kids), norwalk virus

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27
Q

PNA in neonates

A

GBS, E. coli

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28
Q

PNA in children

A

RSV, mycoplasma, c. trachomatis, c. pneumoniae, s. pneumo

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29
Q

PNA in adults (18-40)

A

mycoplasma, c. pneumo, s. pneumo

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30
Q

PNA adults (40-65)

A

s. pneumo, h. flu, anaerobes, viruses

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31
Q

PNA in alcoholics, IV drugs

A

s. pneumo, klebs, staph

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32
Q

PNA in aspiration

A

anaerobes

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33
Q

Atypical PNA

A

mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

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34
Q

PNA in CF

A

pseudomonas, s. aureus, s. pneumo

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35
Q

PNA in immunocompromised

A

staph, enteric gram neg, fungi, viruses, p. jirovecii if HIV

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36
Q

nocosomial PNA

A

staph, pseudomonas,

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37
Q

post-viral PNA

A

stpah, h. flu, s. pneumo

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38
Q

meningitis in newborn

A

GBS, e. coli, listeria

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39
Q

meningitis in kids

A

s. pneumo, n. meningitidis, h. flu, enterovirus

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40
Q

meningitis in adults

A

s. pneumo, n. meningitidis (#1 teens), enterovirus, HSV

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41
Q

HSV1 vs HSV2 in neuro infxn

A

HSV2 = meningitis, HSV1 = encephalitis

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42
Q

meningitis in HIV

A

cryptococcus, CMV, toxo if brain abscess

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43
Q

most common osteomyelitis

A

s. aureus

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44
Q

osteomyelitis in sexually active

A

n. gonorrhea

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45
Q

osteomyelitis in diabetics and IV drugs

A

pseudomonas

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46
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell

A

salmonella

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47
Q

osteomyelitis in vertebra

A

TB (potts)

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48
Q

1 cause UTI

A

E. coli. metallic greeen on EMB agar

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49
Q

2 cause UTI in sexual women

A

staph saprophyticus

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50
Q

3 UTI (mucoid capsule)

A

klebs pneumo

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51
Q

UTI assoc with struvite stones

A

ptoreus mirabilis

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52
Q

UTI with fruity odor and blue-green pigment

A

pseudomonas

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53
Q

+ nitrite test UTI

A

gram neg

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54
Q

no inflam, white d/c w/ fishy odor, clue cells, ph > 4.5

A

bacterial vaginosis (gardnerella vaginosis)

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55
Q

inflam, frothy green, foul-smelling d/c, ph >4.5, motile trichomonads

A

trichomoniasis

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56
Q

inflam, white “cottage-cheese” d/c, normal ph, pseudohyphae

A

candida vulvovaginitis

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57
Q 
ToRCHeS infxns (mother to fetus)
usually lymphadenopathy in mom
A

Toxoplasma gondii - intracranial calcifications w/ chorioretinitis and hydrocephalus
Rubella - blueberry muffin rash w/ cataracts and PDA
CMV - blueberry muffin rash w/ hearing loss and seizures
HIV
Herpes Simplex 2 - encephalitis or vesicular lesions
Syphilis - stillbirth or notched teeth/ saddle nose/ saber shins

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58
Q

Fifth Disease

A

Parvovirus B19 - hydrops fetalis

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59
Q

childhood vesicular rash on palms and soles with vesicles and ulcers in oral mucosa

A

coxsackie A (Hand-food-mouth)

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60
Q

infantile macular rash over body appears after high fever

A

HHV-6 (roseola)

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61
Q

childhood rash starts at head and moves down, preceded by cough, koplik spots on buccal mucosa

A

measles

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62
Q

childhood slapped cheek rash on face (hydrops in pregnant women)

A

parvovirus B19 (Erythema infectiosum)

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63
Q

childhood rash begins at head and moves down –> fine truncal rash. postauricular lymphadenopathy

A

rubella virus

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64
Q

childhood sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat

A

strep pyogenes (scarlet fever)

65
Q

childhood vesicular rash that begins on trunk and spreads to face with lesions of different ages

A

VZV (chickenpox)

66
Q

painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy

A

haemophilus ducreyi ( chancroid)

67
Q

urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, reactive arthritis, PID

A

chlamydia trachomatis (D-K) - most common bacterial STD in US

68
Q

genital warts, koilocytes

A

HPV 6&11 (condylomata lata)

69
Q

painful vesicle and ulcer

A

HSV2

70
Q

urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent d/c

A

neisseria gonorrhea

71
Q

jaundice STD

A

hep b

72
Q

infxn of lymphatics, painless genital ulcer, panful lymphadenopathy (buboes)

A

c. tracomatis (L1-3)

73
Q

painless chancre

A

1 syphilis

74
Q

fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rash, condylomata lata

A

2 syphilis

75
Q

gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, argyll robertson pupil

A

3 syphilis

76
Q

vaginitis, strawberry cervix, motil in wet prep

A

trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis)

77
Q

cervical motion tenderness + purulent cervical d/c

A

PID: chalmycida if subacute, gonorrhea if acute. can lead to infxn of liver, ectopic preg if salpingitis, infertility.

78
Q

unimmunized child w/ rash

A

begin at head w/ postauricular lymphadenopathy = rubella

begin at head preceded by cough and koplik spots = measles

79
Q

unimmunized child with meningitis

A

h. flu & polio

80
Q

unimmunized child with epiglottitis

A

h. flu

81
Q

unimmuunized child with pharyngitis

A

diptheria

82
Q

asplenic (surgical or chronic sickle cell)

A

encapsulated! SHiN

S. pneumo&raquo_space; H.influ > N. meningitides

83
Q

branching rods in oral infxn, sulfur granules

A

acinomyces israelii

84
Q

CGD

A

catalase positive, esp s. aureus

85
Q

currant jelly sputum

A

klebs

86
Q

dog or cat bite

A

pasteurella multocida

87
Q

facial nerve palsy

A

borriela burgdorferi

88
Q

fungal infxn in diabetic or immunocomp

A

mucor or rhizopus

89
Q

health care provider needle stick

A

HBV

90
Q

neutropenic pt

A

candida if systemic, aspergillus

91
Q

organ transplant pt

A

CMV

92
Q

PAS +

A

tropheryma whippeli (Whipple disease)

93
Q

peds infxn

A

h. flu

94
Q

pneumonia in CF, burn infxn

A

pseudomonas

95
Q

pus, empyema, abscess

A

s. aureus

96
Q

rash on hands and feet

A

coxsackie A, t. pallidum, rickettsia ricketsii

97
Q

sepsis/meningitis in newborn

A

GBS

98
Q

surgical wound

A

s. aureus

99
Q

traumatic open wound

A

c. perfringens

100
Q

G(+) cocci, catalase (+), coagulase (+)

A

s. aureus

101
Q

G+ cocci, catalase (+), coagulse (-), novobiocin sensitive

A

s. epidermis

102
Q

G+ cocci, catalase(+), coagulase (-), novobiocin resistant

A

s. saprophyticus

103
Q

G+ cocci, catalase(-), a hemolysis, optochin sensitive, bile soluble

A

s. pneumoniae

104
Q

G+ cocci, catalase(-), a hemolysis, optochin resistant, bile insoluble

A

viridans strep

105
Q

G+ cocci, catalase (-), B hemolysis, bacitracin sensitive

A

Group A strep pyogenes

106
Q

G+ cocci, catalase (-), B hemolysis, bacitracin resistant

A

GBS

107
Q

G+ cocci, catalase (-), gamma (none) hemolysis, grows in bile and 6% NaCl

A

Group D strep (enterococcus)

108
Q

G+ bacilli (rod) w/ blue and red granules

A

cornyebacterium diptheriae

109
Q

G+ rod, anaerobic, spore forming

A

clostridium

110
Q

G+ rod, aerobic, spore forming

A

bacillus

111
Q

G+ rod, facultative intracellular, produces LPS (only G+ to do so)

A

listeria

112
Q

G+ branching filament, anaerobic

A

actinomyces

113
Q

G+ branching filament, aerobic, slightly acid fast

A

nocardia

114
Q

parasites that don’t gram stain well

A

Treponema (too thin)
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia (intracellular)

115
Q

silver stain used for

A

legionella, fungi, h. pylori

116
Q

india ink stain

A

cyrptococcus neoformans

117
Q

obligate aerobes

A

nocardia, pseudomonas, TB, bacillus

118
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

clostridium, bacteroides, actinomyces (lack catalase)

119
Q

exotoxins that inhibit protein synthesis

A

diptheria & pseudomonas (exotoxin A) inactivate EF-2

Shigella & EHEC inactivate 60s ribosome -> bloody diarrhea and HUS

120
Q

exotoxins that increase fluid secretion

A

ETEC (LT via cAMP, ST via cGMP –> watery diarrhea), bacillus anthracis, cholera (rice water diarrhea)

121
Q

toxin that inhibits phagocytic ability

A

pertussis (whooping cough)

122
Q

toxin that inhibits release of NT

A

tetanus (prevents GABA release); botulinum (prevents Ach release)

123
Q

toxins that lyse cell membranes

A 
c. perfringens (alpha toxin) --> gas gangrene
strep pyogenes (streptolysin O) --> B hemolysis of RBCs, rheumatic fever diagnosis
124
Q

superantigens causing shock

A

TSST1 of staph aureus & exotoxin A of strep pyogenes: overwhelming release of IFN & IL-2 = shock

125
Q

G- diplococci, maltose fermenter

A

N. meningitidis

126
Q

G- diplococci, maltose NONfermenter

A

n. gonorrhoeae

127
Q

G- coccoid rods

A

H. flu (requires Factors V & X on chocolate agar)

128
Q

G- comma shaped, oxidase (+), grows in 42degC

A

campylobacter jejuni

129
Q

G- comma shaped, oxidase (+), grows in alkaline media

A

vibrio cholerae

130
Q

G- comma shaped, oxidase (+), produces urease

A

H. pylori

131
Q

G- rod, fast lactose fermenters

A

Klebsiella, E. coli, enterobacter

132
Q

G- rod, lactose NONfermenter, oxidase (-)

A

Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus, Yersinia

133
Q

G- rod, lactose NONfermenter, oxidase (+)

A

pseudomonas

134
Q

mississippi and ohio river valleys, within macrophages, causes pneumonia

A

histoplasmosis

135
Q

east of mississippi and central america, granulomatous nodules, broad-based budding

A

blastomycosis

136
Q

southwestern US, spherules filled with endospores in lungs

A

coccidiomycosis

137
Q

latin america multiply-budding yeast

A

paracoccidiomycosis

138
Q

opportunistic, thrush, germ tubes at 37C

A

candida albicans

139
Q

opportunistic, acute angle in lungs

A

aspergillus fumigatus

140
Q

opportunistic meningitis in AIDS, pigeon droppings, encapsulated yeast

A

cryptococcus neoformans

141
Q

opportunistic in ketoacidotic diabetics

A

mucor

142
Q

opportunistic diffuse, interstitial pneumonia in AIDS. methanamine silver

A

pneumocystis jirovecii

143
Q

opportunistic cigar-shaped budding yeast lives on vegetatioin that must be introduced traumaticaly –> local pustule with draining lymph node involvement

A

sporothrix schenckii

144
Q

sever diarrhea in AIDS

A

cryptosporidium

145
Q

bloody diarrhea, liver abscess with anchovy paste exudate, RUQ pain

A

entameoba histolytica

146
Q

fatty diarrhea (foul-smelling)

A

giardia lamblia

147
Q

brain abscess in HIV or congenital chorioretinitis + hydrocephalus + intracranial calcifications

A

t. gondii (cysts in pork or cat feces)

148
Q

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis following swimming in freshwater lakes

A

naegleria fowleri

149
Q

african sleeping sickness

A

trypanosoma brucei (tse tse fly)

150
Q

parasite causing biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma

A

clonorchis sinesis

151
Q

parasite causing brain cysts, seizures

A

taenia solium (cysticercosis)

152
Q

parasite causing hematuria, bladder cancer

A

schistosoma haematobium

153
Q

parasite causing liver cysts

A

echinocococus granulosus

154
Q

parasite causing microcytic anemia

A

ancylostoma, necator

155
Q

parasite causing perianal pruritis

A

enterobius

156
Q

parasite causing portal HTN

A

schistosomosa mansoni

157
Q

parasite causing vit B12 def.

A

diphyllobothrium latum

158
Q

only ss DNA virus

A

parvovirus

159
Q

only enveloped DNA viruses

A

poxvirus (rep in cyto), herpesvirus (nuclear envelope), hepadnavirus

quick hit micro shelf (1 decks)

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