Systems Flashcards
What are the structural Organization Levels
Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, and Organismal
integumentary system functions
Functions: Protects body; helps regulate body temperature; eliminates some wastes; helps make vitamin D; detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold; stores fat and provides insulation.
Skeletal System functions
Supports and protects body; provides surface area for muscle attachments; aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores minerals and lipids (fats).
Muscular System Functions
Participates in body movements, such as walking; maintains posture; produces heat.
Nervous Systems Function
Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in body’s internal and external environments, interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.
Endocrine system functions
Regulates body activities by releasing hormones (chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ).
Cardiovascular System Functions
Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels.
Lymphatic System and Immunity Function
Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes.
Respiratory system function
Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds.
Digestive System Function
Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes.
Urinary System Function
Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body’s mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells.
Reproductive Systems Function
Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk.
Components of the Integumentary system?
Skin, and associated structures such as hair, fingernails and toenails, sweat glands and oil glands
Components of skeletal system
bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages
Components of the Muscular system
skeletal muscle tissue- muscle attached to bones
Components of the nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, and special sense organs such as eyes and ears
Components of the endocrine system
Hormone producing glands
Components of cardiovascular system
Blood, heart, and blood vessles
Components of the Lymphatic system and Immunity
Lymphatic fluid and vessels; spleen, thymus and lymph nodes, and tonsils
Components of the respiratory system
Lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (Throat), larynx (voice box), trachea, and bronchial tubes
Components of the digestive system
Organs of gastrointestinal traction, mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
Components of the Urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
What is homeostasis?
Condition of equilibrium, or balance, in the body’s internal environment. Maintained by the regulatory system
Superior
Toward the head, or the upper part of the structure
Inferior
Away from the head, or the lower part of the structure
Anterior
Nearer to or at the front of the body
Posterior
Near to or at the back of the body
Medial
Near to the midline that divides the body into two equal sections
Lateral
farther from the midline
intermediate
Between two structures
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body as another structure
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body from another structure
Proximal
near to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
Superficial
towards the surface of the body
Deep
away from the surface of the body
What are the 3 body cavities
Cranial, Thoracic, Abdominopelvic
