Systems Flashcards
Describe the circulatory system
The blood vessels and heart form the circulatory system, pumping blood through their complete circuit, carrying oxygen to the organs and tissue of the body.
The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through the body, distributing it through arteries and capillaries, and supplying oxygen and nutrients vital the functioning of the internal organs and tissues.
After exchanging gases with surrounding tissues , the blood, now oxygen depleted and laden with carbon dioxide, returns to the heart through veins (systematic circulation).
Pulmonary circulation- transfers blood returning to the heart, along the pulmonary trunk and arteries, to the lungs for oxygen replenishment and elimination of carbon dioxide.
This renewed blood is then returned to the heart, returning to the systemic circulation, ready for another circuit.
The circulatory system (The heart)
The fist size heart is a muscular pump, rhythmically Pulsing to maintain The supply of blood to the body in a continuous process, With the ventricles of the heart playing an integral part.
Blood from the left ventricle delivers oxygen and nutrients to the whole body via the systemic circulation.
Once a circuit of the body has been completed, blood from the right ventricle collects oxygen from the lungs via the pulmonary circulation.
The flow of blood through both the systemic and pulmonary circulation is controlled by the valve of the heart .
The mitral valve and tricuspid valves working Indonesian with the aortic and pulmonary valves , control blood flow, Opening and closing in precise synchronised movements and, when closed, create a perfect seal, Preventing blood from flowing back into the heart .
When the ventricles contract, the aortic And pulmonary valves open to allow blood to be pumped into the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems, well the mitral And tricuspid valves remain closed.
When the ventricles dilate, The aortic and pulmonary valves close, while the tricuspid and the mitral Valves open to allow blood to pass from the heart atria Into the ventricles .
What is the circulatory system?
The circulatory system is a
vital system in the body responsible for the transportation of blood,
oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
What are the components of the circulatory system?
The
circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries,
veins, and capillaries), and blood.
What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?
The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body,
providing oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues.
What are the types of blood vessels in the circulatory system?
The types of blood vessels in the circulatory system are arteries,
veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the
heart, veins carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart, and
capillaries connect arteries and veins and allow for the exchange of
nutrients and waste products with body tissues.
What is the role of blood in the circulatory system?
Blood is a
fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and
waste products throughout the body. It also plays a role in regulating
body temperature, pH balance, and immune system function.
How does the circulatory system relate to massage therapy?
Massage therapy can help improve circulation by stimulating blood
flow, which can help deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and
remove waste products. This can result in improved healing,
relaxation, and overall wellness.
Circulatory system in short:
The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps
blood throughout the body, while arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away
from the heart and veins carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the
heart.
Capillaries connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste products with body tissues.
Blood plays a crucial role in delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and
removing waste products. Massage therapy can help improve circulation,
leading to improved healing and overall wellness.
The digestive system
The digestive system extracts nutrients from food, breaking it down into small molecules for absorption into the body.
All the nutrients— proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals— essential to maintain vital body functions, are absorbed into the body via the alimentary canal, where food is progressively broken down.
The nervous system:
The central nervous system (CNS), comprised of the brain, nerves and spinal cord, controls motor sensory functions of the body.
The lobes of the brain are the engine room for processing of sensory and motor information.
The brain is vertically divided into two hemispheres— the left hemisphere controlling the right side of the body and the right hemisphere controlling the left side of the body.
The spinal cord is the conduit for nerve impulses from the peripheral nervous system, conveying messages from the nerves to the brain, and relaying the response from the brain.
The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves distributed throughout the body.
The lymphatic/ immune system
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, organs, and tissues that
helps maintain fluid balance in the body and defend against
infections.
It includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, the spleen,
thymus, and tonsils.
Lymphatic vessels carry lymph, a fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body.
The lymph nodes filter and
trap foreign substances and pathogens, allowing the immune system to eliminate them.
The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs
that defends the body against infections and foreign substances.
It includes white blood cells, antibodies, and other specialized cells
and molecules. The immune system can recognize and target specific
pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and respond by
producing an immune response to eliminate them.
A healthy immune
system is essential for preventing and fighting off infections and
diseases.
What are the benefits of massage?
- Low back pain (long term pain relief for those suffering from chronic low back pain)
- Emotional and physical benefits for cancer patients ( less pain and swelling, emotionally helps people reconnect to their bodies)
- Less pain after bypass surgery (reduces pain and muscle spasm)
- Boosts the immune system ( increase immune systems cytotoxic capacity, or activity level of the body’s natural killer cells, while decreasing the number of T cells)
What are the contraindications of massage?
(When a massage should not be performed)
- Open wounds
- Muscle ruptures ( massage will increase bleeding and tissue damage and prolong recovery)
- Tendon Ruptures
- Muscle and tendon partial tears
- Contusions ( impact injuries causing bleeding within the muscle)
- Burns, chilblains and broken bones
- Periostitis
- Rheumatoid arthritis and gout
- Bursitis
- Myositis ossificans
- Infections of the skin and soft tissue
- Thrombosis
- Artificial blood vessels
- Bleeding disorders such as haemophilia
- Tumours
- Absolutely anything else you are not sure of !
The importance of hygiene in massage.
For a normal massage we do the following :
- wash hands before and after a massage
- change sheets and towels, so client will always have fresh clean sheets and towels
- Wash towels and sheets at a minimum 60 degrees Celsius, which is the temperature normally recommended to avoid the spreading of sickness
- Change t-shirt if it’s been in contact with the client
- Wiping massage table/chair with an antibacterial cloth between clients
- Making sure the environment is clean and tidy , as well as ourselves
Hygiene in massage continued:
- Disinfect and clean tools properly between massages to avoid spreading of especially skin-related diseases
- Most bacteria thrives at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius
- sanitation products and antiseptic products in the water so bacteria can’t survive warm water and not transferred onto the next client.
- ethanol and tea tree oils
List some different types of oils to use
- Sweet almond oil (slightly oily and absorbed fairly quickly)
- apricot kernel oil (rich in vitamin E)
- coconut oil (non-greasy , liquid oil)
- Avocado oil (heavier oil, people sensitive to latex may be sensitive to avocado oil)
- Cocoa butter (heavy texture )
- Grapeseed oil (little to no odor)
- Olive oil
- Sesame oil (oily)
Why do we need to have massage liability insurance ?
“Hands on” profession that deals with public health, massage therapy involves risk.
Healthcare practitioners deal with clients in various states of physical well-being, and in such a high-contact modality like massage, the clients health and the physicality involved can make a recipe for a lawsuit.
Aside from the potential to aggravate a clients existing health condition, or in some other way cause injury, even the best massage therapist cannot predict whether a client may trip over a rug and become injured, which may result in a lawsuit.
Beyond that massage creams may cause allergic reactions.
Liability insurance for massage therapists provides peace of mind and crucial support for the massage therapist.
Without insurance ; a legal claim can cost a good reputation and lots of money. And put a massage therapist out of business
Levels of structural organisation in the human body
-chemical level
-cellular level
-tissue level
-organ level
-system level
-organismal level
Chemical level
Is the simplest level within a structural organisation. Includes the tiniest building blocks of matter, atoms, which combine to form molecules. Molecules combine to form organelles.
Cellular level
Made up of the smallest unit of living matter, the cell. Individual cells may have common functions , each type of cell carries out a unique set of tasks.
Tissue level
Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function. A tissue must contain two different types of cells. The four basic types of tissue in humans : epithelium, connective, muscle and nervous tissue.
Organ level
An organ is a structure composed of at least two different tissue types that perform a specific function within the body.
System level
One or more organs work in unison to accomplish a common purpose.
Organisms level
The highest level of an organisation. It is the total sum of all structural levels working together.
Systems of the body :
Integumentary system
- skin nails and hair
- largest sensory organ
- Vitamin D synthesis
- protects deeper tissue
- regulates body temp, fluid and blood loss
Systems of the body :
Muscular system
- skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
- generates heat
- creates movement
- maintains posture
- uses energy
Systems of the body :
Skeletal system
- bones
- stores calcium
- framework for the body
- protects vital organs
- produces red blood cells
Systems of the body :
Digestive system
-Breaks down food into building blocks for the body
Systems of the body :
Respiratory system
-lungs and airways
-moistens and heats air
-gas exchange
-removes CO2
-delivers oxygen to the blood
Systems of the body :
Endocrine system
- glands , hormones
- hormones that regulate growth, metabolism and general body function
Systems of the body :
Circulatory system
- System blood, heart and blood vessels
- transportation of nutrients and gas waste
- supports immune function
Systems of the body :
Nervous system
- Brain, spinal cord, nerves
- sensory input
- interpretation of input or thought
- elicit and signal responses
- coordination of muscles
Systems of the body :
Lymphatic / immune system
- lymph nodes and vessels
- picks up fluids leaked from capillaries
- supports immune system: houses white blood cells
- fights diseases
Systems of the body :
Urinary system
- kidneys , bladder
- get rid of nitrogenous waste out of blood
- regulated electrolytes, fluid and pH balance
Systems of the body :
Reproductive system
- production of offspring
- production of hormones
Tendon
A fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
When a muscle contracts to move a joint, it is the tendon which pulls on the bone
Tough yet flexible bands
Essential tendons enable you to move
Ligament
A fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
Elasticated to allow the movement of that joint, but are strong enough to stop movement outside the normal range.
Slightly elastic so they can be stretched and gradually lengthen , increasing flexibility
Cartilage
A string, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones. It is a soft cushioning substance at the ends of the bones.
It acts as a shock absorber and reduces the rubbing of the bone surfaces.
Made up of specialised cells called chondrocytes
Muscle front and rear view
What’s are the types of muscle ?
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal Muscle
- Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
The rhythmic movements of the cardiac muscle are governed by the hearts natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial node, which is itself controlled by the autonomic nervous system
-striated
Skeletal muscle
Controlled by the brain and spinal cord, the skeletal muscle allows the body to move. Easy to detect below the surface of the skin, skeletal muscle, along with the skeletal framework, contours our physique
Streated
Smooth muscle
Activated by the autonomic nervous system, smooth muscle is involuntary muscle found in the skin, blood vessels, and the reproductive and digestive systems.
Muscle types
- muscles can be classified based on their general shape
- muscles used to move bone have fibres aligned in the same direction as the bone
- muscles required for supper of soft tissues have overlapping fibres
- circular muscles, required for opening and closing of entrances, such as those found in the vowel or urinary tract, have fibres arranged in a circular pattern
