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Computing Science > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Two main types of translators

A

Compiler

Interpreter

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2
Q

Compiler

A

A compiler translates a complete high level program by converting every instruction into machine code before it executes the program.

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3
Q

Interpreters

A

An interpreter translates a high level language program one line at a time then performs the high level command. This is repeated until the whole program has been interpreted.

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4
Q

Compiler Advantages

A
  • Only translate once
  • Immediately available for use
  • Runs faster than interpreted programs
  • Can be loaded and executed on other computers which do not have the translator programs
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5
Q

Compiler Disadvantages

A
  • Program errors are only detected when the program is compiled
  • Development of programs is awkward as the whole program has to be compiled before it can be run
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6
Q

Interpreter Advantages

A

It error checks each line of a program as it is written which is useful for people learning to program

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7
Q

Interpreter Disadvantages

A
  • The program has to be translated every time it is executed

- Runs slower than compiled programs

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8
Q

How many bits are in a byte?

A

8

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9
Q

01100110

A

102

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10
Q

67

A

01000011

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11
Q

What is the Mantissa of 0.75843 x 10³

A

75843

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12
Q

What is the exponent of 0.75843 x 10³

A

3

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13
Q

How are real numbers stored

A

Floating point representation - Mantissa and Exponent

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14
Q

How is text stored in the computer?

A

ASCII
8 bits
Each character has its own 8 bit number

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15
Q

What does ASCII stand for?

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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16
Q

Vector Graphic Shapes

A
  • Rectangle
  • Ellipse
  • Line
  • Polygon
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17
Q

Vector Graphics Attributes

A

x/y co-ordinates
Fill colour
Line colour

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18
Q

Vector Graphics Advantages

A
  • Do not lose quality when scaled
  • Require less storage space
  • Objects are easily moved/manipulated
  • Resolution independent
19
Q

Bitmap Graphics Advantages

A
  • Can be manipulated at pixel level
  • Can create a wide array of graphic effects
  • Can represent photo-realistic images
20
Q

Bitmap Graphics Disadvantages

A
  • Requires large storage space

- Image becomes jagged when scaled

21
Q

The two types of main memory

A

RAM (random access memory)

ROM (read only memory)

22
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory
The computers short term memory
It’s volatile - when power is lost, contents of RAM are also lost

23
Q

ROM

A

Read only memory
Always retain it’s memory even when power is lost
Used by mobile phones to store operating systems

24
Q

Backing Storage

A

Used to store permanent copies of our files

Examples: Hard Disk Drives, USB Flash Drives, Magnetic Tapes, CD/DVD

25
Q

Input Devices

A

Enters data into the computer. eg. keyboard and mouse

26
Q

Output Devices

A

Generate output from the computer. eg. printer

27
Q

What are the different parts of the processor?

A

Control Unit
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Registers

28
Q

Control Unit

A

This controls the order of execution and the timing of instructions

29
Q

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

A

This performs the calculations for the processor . It also carries out the logical decisions.

30
Q

Registers

A

These are temporary stores of information, at best they will store a few bytes of information.

31
Q

Data Bus

A

The data bus is used to carry data to and from the CPU and Memory
It will hold a binary word

32
Q

Address Bus

A

This carries the address of the memory that is being used

33
Q

What is a bus?

A

A bus is a collection of wires which can carry data

34
Q

Name 3 Security Risks

A 
Viruses
Worms
Trojans
DOS (Denial of Service) Attacks
Spyware
Keylogging
Phishing
Identity Theft
Online Fraud
35
Q

Name 3 Security Precautions

A 
Anti-virus software
Passwords/encryptions
Biometrics
Security Protocols and Firewalls
Use of Security Suites
36
Q

Firewall

A

Used to stop hackers and viruses from accessing a computer

37
Q

Name 2 uses of firewalls

A

Check that incoming packets meet specific rules before beings allowed in.
Set rules about which stations on a network can send or receive packets.
Rules are created that take account of the following:
- Sender IP Address
- Receiver IP address
- port numbers
- protocols

38
Q

Carbon Footprint DONT NEED TO KNOW THIS SULA

A

The measurement of greenhouse gasses produced from the manufacture, and the use and disposal of computing equipment

39
Q

Negative effects of using computers

A

Raw materials and energy used to manufacture computing equipment, including smartphones
Energy used to power laptops, desktops, mainframes and servers
Internet use is increasing all the time. As it increases so does power consumption

40
Q

Positive effects of using computers

A

Most manufacturers are now producing devices with low-energy consumption
Many workers now telecommute
Save paper by using digital instead of hardcopies

41
Q

3 ways to reduce energy use

A

Change settings of your monitor
Change the power settings - energy saver
Set computer to automatically power down at the end of the day
Leave computer on stand by

42
Q

What should you do with the hard disk if the computer is to be scrapped and why?

A

Shred it to prevent identity theft

43
Q

Why is data encrypted before sending?

A

Prevents unauthorised access

Scrambled to make data unreadable

44
Q

How is a bit-mapped graphic represented in a computer system’s memory

A

each pixel is stored as a binary value

Computing Science (3 decks)

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