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Oncology > Systemic Therapy Study > Flashcards

Systemic Therapy Study Flashcards

1
Q

Types of biopsies

A

fine needle
core needle
incisional
excisional
sentinel node

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2
Q

what’s the difference between excisional and incisional biopsies

A

incisional: removal of small section of tumor
excisional: removal of entire tumor + some of the surrounding tissue

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3
Q

Which type of biopsy is used when the fine needle and core needle biopsies are inconclusive?

A

Incisional

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4
Q

T/F: well differentiated means the cells look and act normal - like the tissue they’re from

A

True

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5
Q

What are the 3 goals of treatment?

A

Cure
Control
Palliation

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6
Q

What’s the difference between adjuvant and neoadjuvant?

A

Adjuvant: tx that follows the primary tx
neoadjuvant: tx before primary tx

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7
Q

T/F: slow growing tumors are more responsive to chemotherapy

A

False

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8
Q

What are the cell cycle specific agents (3 or 4)

A

Antimetabolites
Vinca Alkaloids and Taxanes
Topoisomerase I and II inhibitors

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9
Q

Which phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites work on?

A

S phase

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10
Q

Examples of antimetabolites

A

Fluorouracil, methotrexate. fludarabine

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11
Q

which phase of the cell cycle do vinca alkaloids and taxanes work on?

A

mitosis (M) phase

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12
Q

Which classes act on the S and G2 phases?

A

Topoisomerase I and II inhibitors (ex. irinotecan and topotecan)

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13
Q

What are the classes of cell cycle nonspecific agents

A

alkylating agents
nitrosoureas
antitumour antibiotics

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14
Q

Which classification are cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, and cisplatin part of?

A

Alkylating agents

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15
Q

Examples of drugs in Nitrosoureas classification

A

carmustine, lomustine

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16
Q

Which classification are epirubicin, doxorubucin, and bleomycin part of?

A

antitumor antibiotics (anthracyclines)

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17
Q

How to calculate BSA?

A

Ht x Wt, /3600
Square root of this #

18
Q

What are tyrosine kinases and what are they responsible for?

A

enzymes are regulators of signal transduction and responsible for cell signalling, growth, division

19
Q

What are proteasome inhibitors and what do they do?
what do they end in?

A

inhibiting the recycling of ptoteins within the cell, causing a backlog of proteins that can trigger cell death. Cancer cells are more sensitive to the buildup
Ends in -mib

20
Q

Y/N: monoclonal antibodies are considered targeted and immunotherapies?

A

yes

21
Q

Examples of PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors

A

atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab

22
Q

examples of PD-1 inhibitors

A

nivolumab, pembrolizumab

23
Q

T/F: fever may be the only symptom of febrile neutropenia

A

TRUE

24
Q

When does thrombocytopenia usually occur post treatment?

A

8-14 days post treatment

25
Q

What is the common presentation of thrombocytopenia?

A

bleeding, nose bleeds, bleeding gums, nose bleeds

26
Q

Which chemo causes onycholysis (nail peeling)? and how can this be prevented?

A

docetaxel. frozen gloves.

27
Q

Which chemo causes photosensitivity? (4)

A

Vinblastine, fluorouracil, methotrexate, dacarbazine

28
Q

which chemos have the highest risk for causing alopecia? (6)

A

irinotecan, doxorubicin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, etoposide, cyclyphosphamide

29
Q

Which chemos have higher risk for cardiac toxicities? (6)

A

Doxorubicin
epirubicin
fluorouracil
cyclophosphamide
doxetaxel

30
Q

Which are the platinum chemos?

A

cisplatin, oxaliplatin

31
Q

is cytokine release syndrome an IgE mediated immune reaction?

A

No

32
Q

What is an early indicator that bevacizumab is working?

A

hypertension

33
Q

A flare reaction is common with which drugs?

A

doxorubicin, epirubicin

34
Q

T/F: carboplatin and oxaliplatin are the most common meds to show hypersensitivity reactions

A

True

35
Q

T/F: hormone therapy is considered a curative treatment?

A

false

36
Q

how do selective estrogen receptor modulators work?

A

block estrogen. Bind to estrogen receptors. mimic estrogen receptors. block estrogen action in breast cells

37
Q

which hormone therapy would be used for breast cancer in premenopausal women?

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator- tamoxifen

38
Q

Which type of hormone therapy (receptor/regulator) is Fulvestrant?

A

selective estrogen receptor downregulators

39
Q

Which hormone does aromatase inhibitors block?

A

estrogen

40
Q

What is a hormone flare during therapy?

A

initial increase in estrogen/testosterone production

41
Q

Differences between group 1 and group 2 hazardous drugs?

A

type 1: known/probable carcinogen
type 2: not carcinogen but has other side effects (like teratogenic/causes cell mutations/organ toxicities.)

Oncology (1 decks)

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