Systemic Therapy Study Flashcards
Types of biopsies
fine needle
core needle
incisional
excisional
sentinel node
what’s the difference between excisional and incisional biopsies
incisional: removal of small section of tumor
excisional: removal of entire tumor + some of the surrounding tissue
Which type of biopsy is used when the fine needle and core needle biopsies are inconclusive?
Incisional
T/F: well differentiated means the cells look and act normal - like the tissue they’re from
True
What are the 3 goals of treatment?
Cure
Control
Palliation
What’s the difference between adjuvant and neoadjuvant?
Adjuvant: tx that follows the primary tx
neoadjuvant: tx before primary tx
T/F: slow growing tumors are more responsive to chemotherapy
False
What are the cell cycle specific agents (3 or 4)
Antimetabolites
Vinca Alkaloids and Taxanes
Topoisomerase I and II inhibitors
Which phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites work on?
S phase
Examples of antimetabolites
Fluorouracil, methotrexate. fludarabine
which phase of the cell cycle do vinca alkaloids and taxanes work on?
mitosis (M) phase
Which classes act on the S and G2 phases?
Topoisomerase I and II inhibitors (ex. irinotecan and topotecan)
What are the classes of cell cycle nonspecific agents
alkylating agents
nitrosoureas
antitumour antibiotics
Which classification are cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, and cisplatin part of?
Alkylating agents
Examples of drugs in Nitrosoureas classification
carmustine, lomustine
Which classification are epirubicin, doxorubucin, and bleomycin part of?
antitumor antibiotics (anthracyclines)
How to calculate BSA?
Ht x Wt, /3600
Square root of this #
What are tyrosine kinases and what are they responsible for?
enzymes are regulators of signal transduction and responsible for cell signalling, growth, division
What are proteasome inhibitors and what do they do?
what do they end in?
inhibiting the recycling of ptoteins within the cell, causing a backlog of proteins that can trigger cell death. Cancer cells are more sensitive to the buildup
Ends in -mib
Y/N: monoclonal antibodies are considered targeted and immunotherapies?
yes
Examples of PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors
atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab
examples of PD-1 inhibitors
nivolumab, pembrolizumab
T/F: fever may be the only symptom of febrile neutropenia
TRUE
When does thrombocytopenia usually occur post treatment?
8-14 days post treatment
What is the common presentation of thrombocytopenia?
bleeding, nose bleeds, bleeding gums, nose bleeds
Which chemo causes onycholysis (nail peeling)? and how can this be prevented?
docetaxel. frozen gloves.
Which chemo causes photosensitivity? (4)
Vinblastine, fluorouracil, methotrexate, dacarbazine
which chemos have the highest risk for causing alopecia? (6)
irinotecan, doxorubicin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, etoposide, cyclyphosphamide
Which chemos have higher risk for cardiac toxicities? (6)
Doxorubicin
epirubicin
fluorouracil
cyclophosphamide
doxetaxel
Which are the platinum chemos?
cisplatin, oxaliplatin
is cytokine release syndrome an IgE mediated immune reaction?
No
What is an early indicator that bevacizumab is working?
hypertension
A flare reaction is common with which drugs?
doxorubicin, epirubicin
T/F: carboplatin and oxaliplatin are the most common meds to show hypersensitivity reactions
True
T/F: hormone therapy is considered a curative treatment?
false
how do selective estrogen receptor modulators work?
block estrogen. Bind to estrogen receptors. mimic estrogen receptors. block estrogen action in breast cells
which hormone therapy would be used for breast cancer in premenopausal women?
Selective estrogen receptor modulator- tamoxifen
Which type of hormone therapy (receptor/regulator) is Fulvestrant?
selective estrogen receptor downregulators
Which hormone does aromatase inhibitors block?
estrogen
What is a hormone flare during therapy?
initial increase in estrogen/testosterone production
Differences between group 1 and group 2 hazardous drugs?
type 1: known/probable carcinogen
type 2: not carcinogen but has other side effects (like teratogenic/causes cell mutations/organ toxicities.)
