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Mycoviro 2nd shift > Systemic Mycoses > Flashcards

Systemic Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

fungal infections of the which can overcome the physiological and cellular defenses of the normal human host

A

Systemic Mycoses

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2
Q

Systemic Mycoses occurs by

A

inhalation of airborne conidia

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3
Q

Agents of Systemic Mycoses

A
  • Blastomyces dermatitidis
  • Coccidioides spp. (C. immitis, C. posadasii)
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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4
Q

Blastomycosis

causative agent

A

Blastomyces dermatitides

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5
Q

a chronic infection with granulomatous and suppurative lesions that is initiated in the lungs

A

Blastomycosis

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6
Q

pus - forming lesions

A

suppurative lesions

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7
Q

Blastomycosis

most prevalent in

A
  • middle- aged men
  • outdoor workers
  • immunocompromised individuals
  • people exposed to moist
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8
Q

Blastomycosis

signs and symptoms

A
  • fever
  • malaise
  • night sweats
  • cough
  • myalgias (muscle pain)

symptoms are often similiar to flu

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Pathogenesis

when dissemination occurs, skin lesions on the
exposed surfaces → ulcerated granulomas with
advancing border and central scarring → border with
abscesses and sharp, sloping edge

A

Blastomycosis

skin lesions: papules → ulcerated granulomas

edges of the lesion are actively expanding

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11
Q

True or False

in Blastomycosis, the body temperature allows the spores to transform into fungi

A

False

should be yeast not fungi

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12
Q

True or False

Blastomyces dermatitidis stays in the liver or spread through the bloodstream to other parts of the body

A

False

it stays in the LUNGS

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13
Q

Blastomycosis

Specimen

A
  • Sputum
  • Pus
  • Exudates
  • Urine
  • Biopsies from Lesion
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14
Q

Blastomycosis

Microscopic

A
  • round
  • multinucleated
  • budding cells with double refractile wall
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15
Q

Blastomycosis

Cultivation in SDA

A

white or brownish colonies

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16
Q

Blastomycosis

Cultivation in Enriched BAP

A

wrinkled, waxy and soft colonies

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17
Q

Blastomycosis

Serological tests

A
  • Complement Fixation Test (CFT)
  • immunodiffusion tests

a (+) CFT indicates exposure to fungus or an active infection

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18
Q

Clinical Types of Blastomycosis

A
  1. Pulmonary
  2. Cutaneous
  3. Disseminated
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19
Q

What Clinical Type of Blastomycosis

causing flu-like symptoms or severe pneumonia

A

Pulmonary

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20
Q

What Clinical Type of Blastomycosis

manifests as ulcerated, granulomatous skin lesion

A

Cutaneous

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21
Q

What Clinical Type of Blastomycosis

spreads from the lungs to other organs, particularly the skin, bones, genitourinary system, and, rarely, the CNS.

A

Disseminated

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22
Q

is blastomycosis contagious?

A

no

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23
Q

can my pets get blastomycosis?

A

yes

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24
Q

Blastomycosis

Treatment

A
  • Amphotericin B
  • Itraconazole
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25
# Coccidioidomycosis causative agents
1. Coccidioides immitis 2. Coccidioides posadasii
26
# Coccidioidomycosis Mode of Transmission
inhalation of airborne arthroconidia
27
the most virulent of all human mycotic agents
Coccidioides spp.
28
Coccidioidomycosis also known as
Valley fever or San Joaquin Valley Fever
29
asymptomatic pulmonary disease and allergic manifestations
Coccidioides spp. | 60% of cases, the infection is asymptomatic
30
Allergic manifestations in Coccidioides spp.
* Erythema nodosum * Erythema multiforme
31
Painful, red nodules on the shins or other parts of the body
Erythema nodosum
32
A hypersensitivity rxn with red, target-like skin lesions
Erythema multiforme
33
# True or False Primary disease usually resolves without therapy and confers a strong specific immunity to reinfection
True
34
# True or False infection in Coccidioides spp. is **not** self-limited
False | even w/o medication, the body can control and resolve the infection
35
# Coccidioidomycosis Signs and Symptoms
* malaise * cough * headache | mild flu-like symptoms; influenza-like fever
36
# Coccidioidomycosis late-stage patient forms **what reaction** in the form of erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme (rashes)
hypersensitivity reaction
37
# Coccidioidomycosis dissemination is not rare but maybe fatal
False | it is rare as it occurs in less than 1% of all infections
38
# Coccidioidomycosis what percent is the develop chronic progression disseminated disease
< 1%
39
* skin: granuloma, cold abscess * osteomyelitis & synovitis * CNS (meningitis)
Coccidioidomycosis
40
# Coccidioidomycosis Microscopic
spherule with thick, doubly refractule wall and endosphores form within the spherule and fill it
41
# Coccidioidomycosis Cultivation in SDA
white to tan colony
42
# Coccidioidomycosis Serological tests
* immunodiffusion * latex agglutination test
43
# Coccidioidomycosis Specimen
* Sputum * Pus * CSF * Tissue Biopsy Material
44
# Coccidioidomycosis Treatment
* Amphotericin B * Itraconazole
45
is Valley fever contagious?
no | not spread between people
46
can pets get Valley fever
yes
47
is there a vaccine for Valley fever
no
48
who gets Valley fever
* geographic location * immunocompromised status * age * occupation
49
# Histoplasmosis causative agent
Histoplasma capsulatum
50
# Histoplasmosis Mode of transmission
Inhalation of Conidia
51
an intracellular infection of the reticuloendothelial system caused by the inhalation of the fungus
Histoplasmosis
52
present in soil, rotting areas and in **feces of chicken, bats**, other birds (high Nitrogen content)
Histoplasma capsulatum
53
Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic in
parts of the USA | esp. in Ohio and Mississippi river valleys
54
Histoplasma capsulatum was first described by
Samuel Darling | observed the tissue samples form px with systemic infections
55
is Histoplasmosis self-limited
yes
56
# Histoplasmosis Signs and Symptoms
* fever * chills * myalgias * headaches * non-productive cough
57
severe disseminated histoplasmosis → RES involved, with lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, liver, high fever, anemia
Histoplasmosis
58
# Histoplasmosis Specimens
* Sputum * Urine * Scrapings from lesions * Bone Marrow biopsy * Skin * Lymph nodes
59
infection is usually limited and asymptomatic
Histoplasmosis
60
# Histoplasmosis Clinical findings
1. Acute pulmonary disease 2. Reactivation occurs 3. Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis in patients with COPD 4. Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous
61
# Histoplasmosis Treatment
Itraconazole
62
who gets histoplasmosis
those with weakened immune system
63
is Histoplasmosis contagious
no | cannot spread thru person-person contact
64
# Paracoccidioidomycosis Causative agent
Paracoccidioides brasillensis
65
# Paracoccidioidomycosis Mode of Transmission
inhalation
66
a chronic progressive fungal disease endemic to **Central and South America**
Paracoccidioidomycosis
67
geographic areas of highest incidence are typically humid, high-rainfall areas, with acidic soil conditions
Paracoccidioidomycosis | they thrive in acidic soils, enriched by organic material
68
the organism produces multiple blastoconidia from a single cell
Paracoccidioidomycosis
69
# Paracoccidioidomycosis Signs and Symptoms
* oral mucous membrane lesion * dissemination to spleen, liver mucous membrane and skin
70
# Histoplasmosis Microscopic
small, ovoid cells intracellularly in histologic section stained with Gomori methanamine silver or Giemsa stain
71
# Histoplasmosis Cultivation in SDA
white to tan cottony colonies
72
# Histoplasmosis Serological tests
1. immunodiffusion test 2. latex agglutination 3. precipitation
73
# Paracoccidioidomycosis Microscopic
thick-walled yeast cell with multiple buds
74
# Paracoccidioidomycosis Cultivation in?
SDA
75
# Paracoccidioidomycosis Serological tests
* immunodiffusion test * CFT
76
# Paracoccidioidomycosis Specimen
* Sputum * Exudates * Materials from lesion
77
usually unapparent and asymptomatic acute or chronic, granulomatous infection
Paracoccidioidomycosis
78
# Paracoccidioidomycosis Clinical findings
1. primarily of lungs 2. disseminates to skin, mucosa, lymph nodes and other internal organs 3. chronic paracoccidioidomycosis
79
# Paracoccidioidomycosis Treatment
* Amphotericin B * Itraconazole * SXT * Ketoconazole
80
North America Blastomycosis is also known as
Gilchrist disease
81
Teleomorphic state of H. capsulatum
Ajellomyces capsulatus
82
This mycotic agent reside in a narrow ecologic niche known as the Lower Sonoran life zone
Coccidioidomycosis

Mycoviro 2nd shift (1 decks)

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