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Mycoviro 2nd shift > Systemic Mycoses > Flashcards

Systemic Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

fungal infections of the which can overcome the physiological and cellular defenses of the normal human host

A

Systemic Mycoses

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2
Q

Systemic Mycoses occurs by

A

inhalation of airborne conidia

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3
Q

Agents of Systemic Mycoses

A
  • Blastomyces dermatitidis
  • Coccidioides spp. (C. immitis, C. posadasii)
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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4
Q

Blastomycosis

causative agent

A

Blastomyces dermatitides

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5
Q

a chronic infection with granulomatous and suppurative lesions that is initiated in the lungs

A

Blastomycosis

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6
Q

pus - forming lesions

A

suppurative lesions

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7
Q

Blastomycosis

most prevalent in

A
  • middle- aged men
  • outdoor workers
  • immunocompromised individuals
  • people exposed to moist
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8
Q

Blastomycosis

signs and symptoms

A
  • fever
  • malaise
  • night sweats
  • cough
  • myalgias (muscle pain)

symptoms are often similiar to flu

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Pathogenesis

when dissemination occurs, skin lesions on the
exposed surfaces → ulcerated granulomas with
advancing border and central scarring → border with
abscesses and sharp, sloping edge

A

Blastomycosis

skin lesions: papules → ulcerated granulomas

edges of the lesion are actively expanding

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11
Q

True or False

in Blastomycosis, the body temperature allows the spores to transform into fungi

A

False

should be yeast not fungi

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12
Q

True or False

Blastomyces dermatitidis stays in the liver or spread through the bloodstream to other parts of the body

A

False

it stays in the LUNGS

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13
Q

Blastomycosis

Specimen

A
  • Sputum
  • Pus
  • Exudates
  • Urine
  • Biopsies from Lesion
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14
Q

Blastomycosis

Microscopic

A
  • round
  • multinucleated
  • budding cells with double refractile wall
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15
Q

Blastomycosis

Cultivation in SDA

A

white or brownish colonies

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16
Q

Blastomycosis

Cultivation in Enriched BAP

A

wrinkled, waxy and soft colonies

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17
Q

Blastomycosis

Serological tests

A
  • Complement Fixation Test (CFT)
  • immunodiffusion tests

a (+) CFT indicates exposure to fungus or an active infection

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18
Q

Clinical Types of Blastomycosis

A
  1. Pulmonary
  2. Cutaneous
  3. Disseminated
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19
Q

What Clinical Type of Blastomycosis

causing flu-like symptoms or severe pneumonia

A

Pulmonary

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20
Q

What Clinical Type of Blastomycosis

manifests as ulcerated, granulomatous skin lesion

A

Cutaneous

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21
Q

What Clinical Type of Blastomycosis

spreads from the lungs to other organs, particularly the skin, bones, genitourinary system, and, rarely, the CNS.

A

Disseminated

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22
Q

is blastomycosis contagious?

A

no

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23
Q

can my pets get blastomycosis?

A

yes

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24
Q

Blastomycosis

Treatment

A
  • Amphotericin B
  • Itraconazole
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25
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

causative agents

A
  1. Coccidioides immitis
  2. Coccidioides posadasii
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26
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

Mode of Transmission

A

inhalation of airborne arthroconidia

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27
Q

the most virulent of all human mycotic agents

A

Coccidioides spp.

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28
Q

Coccidioidomycosis also known as

A

Valley fever or San Joaquin Valley Fever

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29
Q

asymptomatic pulmonary disease and allergic manifestations

A

Coccidioides spp.

60% of cases, the infection is asymptomatic

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30
Q

Allergic manifestations in Coccidioides spp.

A
  • Erythema nodosum
  • Erythema multiforme
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31
Q

Painful, red nodules on the shins or other
parts of the body

A

Erythema nodosum

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32
Q

A hypersensitivity rxn with red, target-like skin lesions

A

Erythema multiforme

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33
Q

True or False

Primary disease usually resolves without therapy and confers a strong specific immunity to reinfection

A

True

34
Q

True or False

infection in Coccidioides spp. is not self-limited

A

False

even w/o medication, the body can control and resolve the infection

35
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

Signs and Symptoms

A
  • malaise
  • cough
  • headache

mild flu-like symptoms; influenza-like fever

36
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

late-stage patient forms what reaction in the form of erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme (rashes)

A

hypersensitivity reaction

37
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

dissemination is not rare but maybe fatal

A

False

it is rare as it occurs in less than 1% of all infections

38
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

what percent is the develop chronic progression disseminated disease

A

< 1%

39
Q
  • skin: granuloma, cold abscess
  • osteomyelitis & synovitis
  • CNS (meningitis)
A

Coccidioidomycosis

40
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

Microscopic

A

spherule with thick, doubly refractule wall and endosphores form within the spherule and fill it

41
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

Cultivation in SDA

A

white to tan colony

42
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

Serological tests

A
  • immunodiffusion
  • latex agglutination test
43
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

Specimen

A
  • Sputum
  • Pus
  • CSF
  • Tissue Biopsy Material
44
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

Treatment

A
  • Amphotericin B
  • Itraconazole
45
Q

is Valley fever contagious?

A

no

not spread between people

46
Q

can pets get Valley fever

A

yes

47
Q

is there a vaccine for Valley fever

A

no

48
Q

who gets Valley fever

A
  • geographic location
  • immunocompromised status
  • age
  • occupation
49
Q

Histoplasmosis

causative agent

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

50
Q

Histoplasmosis

Mode of transmission

A

Inhalation of Conidia

51
Q

an intracellular infection of the reticuloendothelial system caused by the inhalation of the fungus

A

Histoplasmosis

52
Q

present in soil, rotting areas and in feces of chicken, bats, other birds (high
Nitrogen content)

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

53
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic in

A

parts of the USA

esp. in Ohio and Mississippi river valleys

54
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum was first described by

A

Samuel Darling

observed the tissue samples form px with systemic infections

55
Q

is Histoplasmosis self-limited

A

yes

56
Q

Histoplasmosis

Signs and Symptoms

A
  • fever
  • chills
  • myalgias
  • headaches
  • non-productive cough
57
Q

severe disseminated histoplasmosis → RES involved, with lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, liver, high fever, anemia

A

Histoplasmosis

58
Q

Histoplasmosis

Specimens

A
  • Sputum
  • Urine
  • Scrapings from lesions
  • Bone Marrow biopsy
  • Skin
  • Lymph nodes
59
Q

infection is usually limited and asymptomatic

A

Histoplasmosis

60
Q

Histoplasmosis

Clinical findings

A
  1. Acute pulmonary disease
  2. Reactivation occurs
  3. Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis in patients with COPD
  4. Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous
61
Q

Histoplasmosis

Treatment

A

Itraconazole

62
Q

who gets histoplasmosis

A

those with weakened immune system

63
Q

is Histoplasmosis contagious

A

no

cannot spread thru person-person contact

64
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Causative agent

A

Paracoccidioides brasillensis

65
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Mode of Transmission

A

inhalation

66
Q

a chronic progressive fungal disease endemic to Central and South America

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

67
Q

geographic areas of highest incidence are typically humid, high-rainfall areas,
with acidic soil conditions

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

they thrive in acidic soils, enriched by organic material

68
Q

the organism produces multiple blastoconidia from a single cell

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

69
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Signs and Symptoms

A
  • oral mucous membrane lesion
  • dissemination to spleen, liver mucous membrane and skin
70
Q

Histoplasmosis

Microscopic

A

small, ovoid cells intracellularly in histologic section stained with Gomori methanamine silver or Giemsa stain

71
Q

Histoplasmosis

Cultivation in SDA

A

white to tan cottony colonies

72
Q

Histoplasmosis

Serological tests

A
  1. immunodiffusion test
  2. latex agglutination
  3. precipitation
73
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Microscopic

A

thick-walled yeast cell with multiple buds

74
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Cultivation in?

A

SDA

75
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Serological tests

A
  • immunodiffusion test
  • CFT
76
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Specimen

A
  • Sputum
  • Exudates
  • Materials from lesion
77
Q

usually unapparent and asymptomatic acute or chronic, granulomatous infection

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

78
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Clinical findings

A
  1. primarily of lungs
  2. disseminates to skin, mucosa, lymph nodes and other internal organs
  3. chronic paracoccidioidomycosis
79
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Treatment

A
  • Amphotericin B
  • Itraconazole
  • SXT
  • Ketoconazole
80
Q

North America Blastomycosis is also known as

A

Gilchrist disease

81
Q

Teleomorphic state of H. capsulatum

A

Ajellomyces capsulatus

82
Q

This mycotic agent reside in a narrow ecologic niche known as the Lower Sonoran life zone

A

Coccidioidomycosis

Mycoviro 2nd shift (1 decks)

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