Systemic Mycoses Flashcards
What part/s of the body does systemic mycoses invade?
Deep organs
Two groups under systemic mycoses
Endemic, opportunistic
What does GAFFI mean?
Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections
Systemic mycoses is transmitted through ______
Inhalation
Fungi can be isolated from?
Acidic soil or soil mixed guano
Modified true or false:
Fungi can survive in the lungs thru evolving outside the host
False. Inside the host
What are the thermally dimorphic mycoses that falls under systemic mycoses
Blastomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Talaromycosis
Emergomycosis
What form do thermally dimorphic fungi take under 30°C?
Mold form
What form do thermally dimorphic fungi take at body temperature?
Yeast form
Causative agent of blastomycosis
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Blastomycosis is endemic in?
USA
Canada
Manitoba
Africa
India
Causative agent of Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioides immitis/posadasii
Causative agent of Histoplasmosis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Causative agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic in?
South America
Causative agent of Talaromycosis
Talaromyces marneffei
Talaromycosis is endemic in?
South Asia
China
Causative agent of Emergomycosis
Emergomyces spp.
Blastomycosis can be characterized by:
Granulomatous and suppurative lesions
What does Blastomyces dermititidis prefer to infect:
Skin & bones
What does Blastomyces dermititidis look like under the microscope in a tissue biopsy
Large, spherical, thick-walled budding yeast
Antigens present in B. dermititidis
Blastomycin
Antigen A
BAD-1
What immunodominant motif does B. dermatitidis have?
Blastomyces Adhesin-1
Signs and symptoms of Blastomycosis
Fever
Malaise
Night sweats
Cough
Myalgias
Chronic Pneumonia
In patients with Pneumonia in Blastomycosis, what can be found on histological exam?
Pyogranulomatous reaction w/ neutrophils
Noncaseating granulomas
Other than the common etiologic agents, what are the other causes of Blastomycosis?
B. helicus
B. percursus
B. emzantsi
Where can the mycelial forms of Blastomyces be found in the environment?
Wooded land w/ damp soil near water
Colony appearance of Blastomyces in SDA, and in microscope
White or brownish colony
Branched hyphae w/ spherical conidia on lateral conidiophores
Coccidioidomycosis is also known as
San Joaquin Valley fever
Valley fever
What are the common agents of Coccidioidomycosis?
Coccidioides Immitis
C. Posadasiii
How are the common agents of Coccidioidomycosis be differentiated? Why?
Genotyping and Phylogenetic analysis
They are phenotypically indistinguishable
Colony appearance of Coccidioides, and appearance under the microscope
White to tan colony
Hyaline septate hyphae forming arthtroconidia
Appearance of Coccidioides after inhalation
Large, thick-walled spherules with endospores - mature
Thick-walled spherules with clear center - young
Antigenic structures present in Coccidioides
Coccidioidin
Spherulin
An antigen produced from a filtrate of a broth culture of spherules in Coccdioidomycosis
Spherulin
Test used to check for Coccidioidomycosis, and its result
Skin test
Delayed positive skin test using Coccidioidin & spherulin
Coccidioidomycosis is common among:
Males
Pregnant women
Immunocompromised people
Culture media used for Coccidioides immitis/posadasii
Inhibitory Mold Agar (IMA) slants
Or
Blood-Hear Infused Agar (BHIA) slants
W/ or w/o antibiotics & cyclohexamide
@30°C or 37°C
Serological tests in identifying Coccidioidomycosis
Latex agglutination test
ID or CF test
Coccidioidin skin test
Spherulin skin test
Treatment used for Coccidioidomycosis
Ampothericin B
Itraconazole
Where can Coccidioides be isolated from?
Desert soils
The most prevalent pulmonary intracellular mycosis worldwide
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis caused by Hc is also known as
Darling’s disease
What animals can Histoplasmosis be associated with?
Birds and bats
What variant in humans of H. capsulatum resembles TB
H. capsulatum var. capsulatum
H. capsulatum variant that causes skin and bone lesions
H. capsulatum var. duboisii
What variant of H. capsulatum causes lymphangitis in horses?
H. capsulatum var. Farciminosum
What is the gold standard for testing Histoplasmosis
Culture
Colony appearance of Histoplasma
White suede front
Pale yellow brown reverse
Morphology of Histoplasma
Hyaline, septate hyphae produce microconidia & thick-walled macroconidia w/ peripheral projections
Antigen found in Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmin
Laboratory tests used for diagnosing Histoplasmosis
CF test
ID test
RA / EIA
Modified true or false:
When Histoplasmosis have disseminated, there is a high chance of death if it’s left untreated with antifungal therapy
True
How to confirm growth of Histoplasmosis?
In-vitro conversion to yeast form
A mycoaes that presents as a chronic granulomatous disease that produces primary pulmonary infection
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Mode of transmission for Talaromyces marneffei
- Traumatic implantation
- Eating of bamboo rats
- Inhalation of spores near bamboo rat burrows
Talaromycosis is associated with what animal?
Bamboo rats
Colong appearance of Talaromyces
Green-yellow colony w/ diffusable reddish pigment
