Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NBEO I > Systemic Health > Flashcards

Systemic Health Flashcards

1
Q

Which variant of leukemia typically presents in children and has the BEST prognosis following proper treatment

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What range of cholesterol is considered very high?

A

> 240

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is considered optimal for triglyceride levels? High?

A

optimal: <150
high: 200-500
very high: >500

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A cell that secretes a chemical messenger which then binds to a receptor on that same cell to produce a change within that cell is what type of signaling?

A

autocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most successful treatment for Grave’s disease

A

thyroidectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What hormone triggers female ovulation

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What basic tissue is responsible for generating apocrine cells

A

epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four basic tissue types

A

nervous; epithelial; connective; muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DNA vs RNA
1. helical
2. U
3. sugar
4. number of strands

A
  1. only DNA is helical
  2. RNA
  3. deoxyribose for DNA; ribose for RNA
  4. double for DNA; single for RNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Isometric muscle contraction

A

muscle develops tension but doesn’t shorten

ex: holding a plate of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Isotonic muscle contraction

A

muscles that shorten but maintain equal tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Circulation of CSF in the brain

A

lateral ventricle -> IV foramen -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can Klebsiella cause

A

pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a facultative anaerobe

A

organism can survive with or without oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aerotolerant organisms

A

grow in oxygen but don’t use it for respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Motor neurons carry information to and from which structure?

A

to muscles; from brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What three tests are used to assess kidney function

A

GFR; creatinine; BUN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What three tests are used to assess liver function

A

ALT; Bilirubin; AST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What term describes the ability of a pathogen to establish infection

A

Infectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a precursor to steroid hormones?

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In fatty acid synthesis, which do you need an increase of: insulin, glucagon, citrate?

A

increase in citrate and insulin
decrease in glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of organism is responsible for syphilis and lyme disease

A

spirochete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which 3 features can be can be utilized by bacteria as a means of protection from desuccation

A

capsules, glycocalyx and slime layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Emphysema is most commonly caused by

A

smoking

(destruction of alveolar walls, leading to increased gas exchange)
(type of COPD)
(“pink puffers” = barrel chest)
(think E for Elon musk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Low TSH levels are found in what disease

A

Hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

An accumulation of what can cause gout

A

uric acid
(must be eliminated in the urine or else crystals form)

(people w gout may complain of pain in their big toes, knees or ankles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What serves as a maturation and storage site for sperm

A

epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lisch nodules are associated with

A

Neurofibromatosis type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

NF-2 is associated with what signs

A

non-malignant tumors of the brain (esp in areas affecting CN8)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

TORCH

A

toxo, other, rubella, CMV, herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which substance can move through a cell membrane without a port, channel or pump?
A. K+
B. Na+
C. Glucose
D. Protein

A

K+

32
Q

What are 3 risk factors for the development of COPD?

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
low birth weight
frequent childhood infections

33
Q

Describe process of insulin and glucagon

A

high blood sugar -> pancreas releases insulin -> adipose takes up glucose -> blood sugar drops -> pancreas releases glucagon -> liver breaks down glucagon into glucose -> high blood sugar

34
Q

Cholesterol synthesis is stimulated via increased levels of…

A

insulin

35
Q

What synthesizes cholesterol in the liver

A

acetyl-CoA

36
Q

Role of the spleen

A

site of antibody production
dump site for old RBCs

37
Q

Which disease is linked with thymoma

A

Myasthenia Gravis

38
Q

Haversian canals are found in

A

bone

39
Q

What effect do inhibitory postsynaptic potentials have on a neuron

A

hyperpolarizing

(buildup of negative charge inside)

40
Q

The Philadelphia chromosome is seen in what condition

A

CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia)

41
Q

Hemophilia

A

rare disorder in which blood doesn’t clot

(X-linked recessive)

42
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

progressive narrowing of arterial lumen

43
Q

What type of deposition is seen in JIA

A

calcium

44
Q

Role of Golgi Apparatus

A

sorts and packages proteins and lipids
(final check point before they are transported)

45
Q

Smooth ER vs Rough ER

A

rough ER - makes proteins
smooth ER - makes lipids

46
Q

After a corneal transplant, which cells are most likely going to cause graft rejection

A

cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

47
Q

Oculoglandular Syndrome
-what is it
-common causes

A

-unilateral follicular conjunctivitis + ipsi lymphadenopathy
-cat scratch disease; syphilis; tularemia

48
Q

Which cells in the male testicles are responsible for secreting testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

49
Q

Which cells develop sperm?

A

Sertoli (line the seminiferous tubules)

50
Q

Patients with ___ are known as “blue bloaters”

A

bronchitis

51
Q

The outer membrane of a gram negative bacteria has…

A

O-side chain (antigen)
lipid A (endotoxin)
Core polysaccharide

52
Q

Which is NOT present in the cellular envelope of a gram negative bacteria?
A. Teichoic acids
B. Periplasmic spaces
C. Porin proteins
D. Peptidoglycan

A

A. Teichoic acids

(gram negatives have a thin layer of peptidoglycan sandwiched between an inner and outer membrane. gram positive bacteria also only have one membrane while gram negative have two!)

53
Q

What type of blood does the right atrium receive? Where does it deliver this blood to via the right ventricle?

A

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery

54
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary vein

A

carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium (left atrium then sends it to left ventricle via mitral valve)

55
Q

Which vessels lack smooth muscle

A

capillaries

56
Q

Endemic
definition and examples

A

diseases that occur frequently or continuously with predictability

ex: ringworm; the common cold

57
Q

Example of pandemic

A

AIDS

58
Q

Filtration occurs at which location within a nephron

A

Glomerulus

59
Q

Reiter’s Syndrome

A

aka Reactive Arthritis

60
Q

Scleromalacia Perforans

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

61
Q

Pre-Eclampsia

A

sudden swelling of face and hands (fluid retention) and high BP in pregnant women along with high protein levels in the urine

62
Q

Which hormone released by stomach endothelial cells serves to promote the secretion of acid into the stomach

A

Gastrin

63
Q

Somatostatin

A

inhibits acid secretion via gastrin

64
Q

CCK

A

secreted by small intestine if fat is detected

(Secretin - also released by small intestine)

65
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

deficiency in vitamin B12 due to defect in intrinsic factor

66
Q

What is the name for the volume of air that enters and exits the lungs in a normal breath

A

Tidal volume

67
Q

Vital capacity

A

total volume of air that can exit the lungs after a person inhales as deeply as possible

68
Q

Total lung capacity

A

vital capacity + residual volume

69
Q

Which part of an antibody reacts with an antigen

A

paratope

70
Q

What are the target sites of glucagon

A

liver and adipose tissue

(glucagon travels to the liver to stimulate breakdown of glycogen via glycolysis and create new glucose via gluconeogenesis)

71
Q

CSF is produced by… and drained by…

A

choroid plexus; arachnoid villi

72
Q

Which neuromuscular disorder that affects EOM movements is a result of abnormal mitochondrial DNA?
A. myotonic dystrophy
B. Kearns-Sayre
C. Grave’s
D. Myasthenia Gravis

A

B

73
Q

Cytoplasm

A

liquid that fills inside a cell

74
Q

Pathogenicity

A

ability of an organism to cause sickness

75
Q

Master endocrine gland

A

Pituitary gland

NBEO I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions