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Oral Surgery > Systemic Diseases Related to Oral Surgery > Flashcards

Systemic Diseases Related to Oral Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

a substernal thoracic pain precipitated by exercise, heavy emotions, or a heavy meal

A

Angina Pectoris

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2
Q

How to relieve Angina Pectoris

A

relieved by vasodilators and/ or a few minutes rest

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3
Q

Cause of Angina Pectoris

A

Atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries)

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4
Q

discrepancy between O2 demand and supply

A

Angina Pectoris

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5
Q

causes a squeezing or pressing feeling in
the substernal area

A

Ischemia

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6
Q

Sudden referred pain to the left arm, left chest area, and mandible

A

ischemic attack

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7
Q

thumping of chest (sign that the px is having anginal attack)

A

Levine’s sign

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8
Q

DIFFERENCE OF ISCHEMIA AND INFARCT

A

ISCHEMIA - lacks (kulang)
INFARCT - cellular death

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9
Q

Condition where portion of the heart muscle that has become necrotic

A

Myocardial infarct

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10
Q

absence of heart beating

A

ASYSTOLE

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11
Q

heart beats irregularly w/ One side contracting, one side relaxing

A

FIBRILLATION

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12
Q

Defer elective surgery until ______ after last infarct/episode

A

6 months

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13
Q

cut-off for hypertension

A

120/80

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14
Q

Hypertension signs and symptoms

A

○ occipital headache
○ altered vision
○ flushed face
○ dizziness
○ weakness tinnitus

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15
Q

tips for patients with hypertension

A

anxiety control
pain control is probably the most important
aspect
short appointments or break it up if it’s long
morning appointments

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16
Q

Two types of stroke

A
  1. Emboli
  2. Thrombi
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17
Q

blockage of the artery at the site of injury

A

Emboli

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18
Q

particle that is detached and travels elsewhere to cause blockage

A

Thrombi

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19
Q

occurs when an artery in the brain leaks blood or ruptures

A

hemorrhagic stroke

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20
Q

The artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the brain becomes
blocked.

A

ischemic stroke

21
Q

can result to CVA or cerebrovascular accident or stroke

A

untreated hypertension

22
Q

Symptoms of cerebrovascular accident or stroke

A

slurred speech, motor control difficulty

23
Q

can also be a consequence of untreated hypertension, heart condition, IHD

A

Congestive Heart Failure

24
Q

Manifestations of left side failure in CHF

A

dyspnea due to pulmonary fluid accumulation

25
Q

Manifestations of right side failure in CHF

A

venous congestion and peripheral edema

26
Q

Signs and symptoms of CHF

A
  • Gallop rhythm (increased/rapid heart rate)
  • Enlarged heart (checked by doing an x-ray)
  • Tender liver (pain in palpation)
  • Cyanosis (ashy gray patient)
  • Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen)
  • Orthopnea (difficulty in breathing with change of position)
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • Pulsus allerans (alternate strong and weak pulse)
  • Distended neck vessels (even at rest)
  • Edema (when pressure is applied, remains distended for 2-3 secs because you displace the fluid)
  • Weight gain (due to fluid retention, you can test by pressing and if it takes a while to come back, then there is fluid retention)
  • Dyspnea
  • Fatigue
27
Q

Blood test results of patient with CHF shows:

A

high RBC and low WBC & platelet count

28
Q

you cannot prescribe beta blockers to patients with ______

A

COPD or Asthma

29
Q

Possible medications for CVS Disorders

A

Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Anticoagulants
Ace Inhibitors
Diuretics
Anti-hyperlipidemias
Vasodilators

30
Q

Damage to mitral or aortic valves

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

31
Q

Short acting bronchodilator

A

Salbutamol

32
Q

Long-acting Bronchodilator

A

Procaterol

33
Q

Tests indicated for patients with hepatic disorders

A

Bleeding time, Prothrombin Time (PT), and Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

34
Q

Insulin Dependent type of Diabetes Mellitus

A

Type 1

35
Q

Type of Diabetes Mellitus seen in adults

A

Type 2

36
Q

Medications of Diabetes

A

Chlorpropamide: Diabenese
Glibenclamide: Daonil, Euglucon
Gliclazide: Diamicron, Glucophage
Metformin: Glucophage / Fornidd
Acarbose: Glucobay, Gluconase

37
Q

Inability of adrenal glands to produce and secrete adrenal hormone & corticosteroid

A

Adrenal Insufficiency

38
Q

Signs and symptoms of Adrenal Insufficiency

A

● Weight loss / decreased appetite
● Hypotension / syncopal episodes
● Fatigue & muscle weakness
● Hyperpigmentation
● Nausea / Vomiting / Diarrhea = GI upset

39
Q

Medication protocol if patient is currently taking steroids for adrenal insufficiency

A

○ Double dose: day before, of, after surgery
○ Second post-op day: back to normal dose

40
Q

Medication protocol if patient has not taken medication for adrenal insufficiency within one year

A

Give Hydrocortisone = total 7 days
- 60 mg - day before & of
- 40 mg - 2 days post-op
- 20 mg - 3 days post-op

41
Q

state of having normal thyroid gland function

A

Euthyroid

42
Q

What is more dangerous, Hyperthyroidism or Hypothyroidism

A

Hyperthyroidism

43
Q

Abnormal increase in WBC count

A

Leukemia

44
Q

Main Problem in Leukemia

A

Prone to infection - immature cells

45
Q

Disorder of cerebral function characterized by an attack involving changes in the state of consciousness, motor activity, and sensory phenomenon

A

Seizures

46
Q

Most common trigger of seizures

A

Anxiety

47
Q

Best time for treatment in pregnant patients

A

2nd Trimester

48
Q

Dental surgery protocol for patients taking anticoagulants

A

Need to stop the medications prior to surgery at least 5-7 days prior to surgery

49
Q

How does bisphosphonate intake affect oral surgery

A

Tendency for surgery site to have non / poor healing

Oral Surgery (5 decks)

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