Systemic Diseases Related to Oral Surgery

Question 1

a substernal thoracic pain precipitated by exercise, heavy emotions, or a heavy meal

Answer 1

Angina Pectoris

Question 2

How to relieve Angina Pectoris

Answer 2

relieved by vasodilators and/ or a few minutes rest

Question 3

Cause of Angina Pectoris

Answer 3

Atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries)

Question 4

discrepancy between O2 demand and supply

Answer 4

Angina Pectoris

Question 5

causes a squeezing or pressing feeling in
the substernal area

Answer 5

Ischemia

Question 6

Sudden referred pain to the left arm, left chest area, and mandible

Answer 6

ischemic attack

Question 7

thumping of chest (sign that the px is having anginal attack)

Answer 7

Levine’s sign

Question 8

DIFFERENCE OF ISCHEMIA AND INFARCT

Answer 8

ISCHEMIA - lacks (kulang)
INFARCT - cellular death

Question 9

Condition where portion of the heart muscle that has become necrotic

Answer 9

Myocardial infarct

Question 10

absence of heart beating

Answer 10

ASYSTOLE

Question 11

heart beats irregularly w/ One side contracting, one side relaxing

Answer 11

FIBRILLATION

Question 12

Defer elective surgery until ______ after last infarct/episode

Answer 12

6 months

Question 13

cut-off for hypertension

Answer 13

120/80

Question 14

Hypertension signs and symptoms

Answer 14

○ occipital headache
○ altered vision
○ flushed face
○ dizziness
○ weakness tinnitus

Question 15

tips for patients with hypertension

Answer 15

anxiety control
pain control is probably the most important
aspect
short appointments or break it up if it’s long
morning appointments

Question 16

Two types of stroke

Answer 16

1. Emboli
2. Thrombi

Question 17

blockage of the artery at the site of injury

Answer 17

Emboli

Question 18

particle that is detached and travels elsewhere to cause blockage

Answer 18

Thrombi

Question 19

occurs when an artery in the brain leaks blood or ruptures

Answer 19

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 20

The artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the brain becomes
blocked.

Answer 20

ischemic stroke

Question 21

can result to CVA or cerebrovascular accident or stroke

Answer 21

untreated hypertension

Question 22

Symptoms of cerebrovascular accident or stroke

Answer 22

slurred speech, motor control difficulty

Question 23

can also be a consequence of untreated hypertension, heart condition, IHD

Answer 23

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 24

Manifestations of left side failure in CHF

Answer 24

dyspnea due to pulmonary fluid accumulation

Question 25

Manifestations of right side failure in CHF

Answer 25

venous congestion and peripheral edema

Question 26

Signs and symptoms of CHF

Answer 26

- Gallop rhythm (increased/rapid heart rate) - Enlarged heart (checked by doing an x-ray) - Tender liver (pain in palpation) - Cyanosis (ashy gray patient) - Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen) - Orthopnea (difficulty in breathing with change of position) - Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - Pulsus allerans (alternate strong and weak pulse) - Distended neck vessels (even at rest) - Edema (when pressure is applied, remains distended for 2-3 secs because you displace the fluid) - Weight gain (due to fluid retention, you can test by pressing and if it takes a while to come back, then there is fluid retention) - Dyspnea - Fatigue

Question 27

Blood test results of patient with CHF shows:

Answer 27

high RBC and low WBC & platelet count

Question 28

you cannot prescribe beta blockers to patients with ______

Answer 28

COPD or Asthma

Question 29

Possible medications for CVS Disorders

Answer 29

Beta Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers Anticoagulants Ace Inhibitors Diuretics Anti-hyperlipidemias Vasodilators

Question 30

Damage to mitral or aortic valves

Answer 30

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Question 31

Short acting bronchodilator

Answer 31

Salbutamol

Question 32

Long-acting Bronchodilator

Answer 32

Procaterol

Question 33

Tests indicated for patients with hepatic disorders

Answer 33

Bleeding time, Prothrombin Time (PT), and Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Question 34

Insulin Dependent type of Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 34

Type 1

Question 35

Type of Diabetes Mellitus seen in adults

Answer 35

Type 2

Question 36

Medications of Diabetes

Answer 36

Chlorpropamide: Diabenese Glibenclamide: Daonil, Euglucon Gliclazide: Diamicron, Glucophage Metformin: Glucophage / Fornidd Acarbose: Glucobay, Gluconase

Question 37

Inability of adrenal glands to produce and secrete adrenal hormone & corticosteroid

Answer 37

Adrenal Insufficiency

Question 38

Signs and symptoms of Adrenal Insufficiency

Answer 38

● Weight loss / decreased appetite ● Hypotension / syncopal episodes ● Fatigue & muscle weakness ● Hyperpigmentation ● Nausea / Vomiting / Diarrhea = GI upset

Question 39

Medication protocol if patient is currently taking steroids for adrenal insufficiency

Answer 39

○ Double dose: day before, of, after surgery ○ Second post-op day: back to normal dose

Question 40

Medication protocol if patient has not taken medication for adrenal insufficiency within one year

Answer 40

Give Hydrocortisone = total 7 days - 60 mg - day before & of - 40 mg - 2 days post-op - 20 mg - 3 days post-op

Question 41

state of having normal thyroid gland function

Answer 41

Euthyroid

Question 42

What is more dangerous, Hyperthyroidism or Hypothyroidism

Answer 42

Hyperthyroidism

Question 43

Abnormal increase in WBC count

Answer 43

Leukemia

Question 44

Main Problem in Leukemia

Answer 44

Prone to infection - immature cells

Question 45

Disorder of cerebral function characterized by an attack involving changes in the state of consciousness, motor activity, and sensory phenomenon

Answer 45

Seizures

Question 46

Most common trigger of seizures

Answer 46

Anxiety

Question 47

Best time for treatment in pregnant patients

Answer 47

2nd Trimester

Question 48

Dental surgery protocol for patients taking anticoagulants

Answer 48

Need to stop the medications prior to surgery at least 5-7 days prior to surgery

Question 49

How does bisphosphonate intake affect oral surgery

Answer 49

Tendency for surgery site to have non / poor healing