Systemic Diseases-Flores Flashcards
1
Q
Jaundice
A
- Excess Bilirubin in the blood
- Causes:
- Autoimmune
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Liver Failure (Gilbert Syndrome)
- Differential Diagnosis:
- Hyperketonemia
- yellow skin due to diet carotene
- does not effect eyes
- Hyperketonemia
2
Q
Amyloidosis: Characterize
A
- Amyloid Deposits
- B-pleated sheets w/light chain molecules
- Types:
- organ-limited
- amyloid nodules
- Systemic:
- Primary
- associated w/multiple melanoma
- Secondary
- Chronic Inflammation
- Primary
- organ-limited
- Oral Manifestations:
- Track-Like lesions
3
Q
Xanthelasma
A
- Lipid-laden macrophages
- plaques on peri-ocular skin (Upper eyelid)›‹`
4
Q
Vitamin A Deficiency: Characterize
A
- Blindness
- Sources:
- Liver (organ) meat
- red & yellow vegetables (Beta-carotene metabolism)
- Manifestations:
- Infant
- Blindness
- Adult
- can’t adapt to low light
- Severe
- dry cornea & skin→Blind
- Infant
5
Q
Vitamin B1 Deficiency: Characterize
A
- AKA Beriberi
- at risk:
- Alcoholics
- Gastric Bypass patients
- Manifestations:
- Cardiac Problems:
- Heart Failure
- Edema
- Neuro Problems:
-
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- vomitting
- mental deterioration
-
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- Cardiac Problems:
6
Q
Vitamin B2 Deficiency: Characterize
A
- Glossitis w/angular cheilitis
- Oral Manifestations:
- Glossitis
- Angular Cheilitis
- Sore throat
- Recurrent Aphthous Ulcerations
7
Q
Vitamin B3 Deficiency: Characterize
A
-
Aka Pellagra
- Triad: Dermatitis, Dementia, Diarrhea
- Oral Manifestations:
- stomatitis
- Glossitis (Tongue-red, smooth, raw)
- Untreated=death
8
Q
Vitamin B6 Deficiency: Characterize
A
-
Glossitis w/angular cheilitis
- same as B2
- oral manifestations:
- Cheilitis
- Glossitis
9
Q
Vitamin C Deficiency: Characterize
A
- Aka Scurvy
- Source:
- Citrus Fruits
- Need for collagen formation
- Oral:
- Scorbutic gingivitis (General Gingival Bleeding)
- Ulcerations
- Tooth Mobility
- spontaneous hemorrhage
10
Q
Vitamin D Deficiency: Characterize
A
- Youth=rickets
- Adults= Osteomalacia
- Sources:
- UV radiation on skin
- Milk
- Cereal
11
Q
Vitamin E Deficiency: Characterize
A
- rare
- children w/chronic cholestatic liver disease
- Abnormal CNS
12
Q
Vitamin K Deficiency
A
-
Clotting Disorder
- inadequate prothrombin and other clotting factors
- Gingival Bleeding
13
Q
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
A
-
Iron Deficiency
- anemia w/glossitis & dysphagia
- Koilonychia
- thin, spoon shaped nails
14
Q
Vitamine B12 Deficiency
A
- AKA PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
- oral:
- burning mouth Syndrome
15
Q
Pituitary Dwarfism
A
- Low GH produced by anterior pituitary
- oral:
- small maxilla and mandible
- w/smaller teetth
- Delayed tooth eruption (1-3 years
- No 3rd molars
- small maxilla and mandible
16
Q
Gigantism
A
-
Large amount of GH
- before closure of epiphyseal plates
- Skull:
- enlarged sella due to pituitary adenoma
17
Q
Acromegaly
A
- Large amount of GH produced
- after epiphyseal plate closure
- Pituitary Adenoma
- Oral:
- Mandibular Pronagthism
- Diastemas
- Sleep Apnea
- Uniform Macroglossia (large tongue)
18
Q
Hypothyroidism
A
- Decreased Thyroid Hormone
- Types:
- Primary
- abnormal thyroid gland
- Normal TSH, Low T4 levels
- Secondary
- Pituitary doesn’t produce enough TSH
- Low TSH, Normal T4
- Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
- Pituitary doesn’t produce enough TSH
- Primary
- Oral:
- Infants→Cretinism
- Failed Tooth Eruption
- Adults→Myxedema
- Glycosaminoglycan deposited in mucocutaneous tissue→Thick Lips
- Macroglossia
- Infants→Cretinism
19
Q
Hyperthyroidism
A
-
AKA Graves Disease
- Ig (antibody) autoimmune response against TSH Receptors on Thyroid gland
- ⇣TSH
- ⇡T4
- Thyroid Storm
- Large release of T4 at one time
- causes:
- convulsion
- fever
- tachycardia
- Bulging Eyes
20
Q
Hypoparathyroidism
A
- Reduced PTH
- oral manifestations:
- pitting enamel hypoplasia
- failure to mineralize
- Failed tooth eruption
- pitting enamel hypoplasia
- Chovstek sign
- Upper lip twitches when tapping the facial nerve under zygoma
- APECED Syndrome
- when young patient has persistent candidiasis
21
Q
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
A
-
Elevated PTH
- but the pathway for activating the target cells is not working
- manifestations:
- Hypocalcemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Normal Renal Function
- Oral manifestations:
- Enamel Hypoplasia
- Oligodontia
- congenital absence of 6+ teeth
- Pulp stones (tagged shaped), blunt apex
- Tx:
- Vit D & Calcium
22
Q
Hyperparathyroidism
A
- Elevated PTH
- Types:
- Primary→ Tumor
- Secondary→ Response to chronic low serum calcium levels
- Manifestations:Stones, Bones, and Abdominal Groans
- Renal Canaliculi (kidney stones)
- Bones: osseous changes
- Brown Tumor
- secondary
- Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
- most severe
- Rental osteodystrophy
- large jaws, secondary
- Brown Tumor
- Duodenal ulcers=Abdominal Groans
- Lose Lamina Dura
- Might resemble Central Giant Cell Adenoma
- Cherubism
23
Q
Hypercortisolism
A
-
Elevated ACTH due to:
- Adrenal Tumor
- Pituitary Adenoma=Cushing Syndrome
- Cushing syndrome
- adult women
- weight gain
- buffalo hump
- moon faces
- Hirsutism→ facial hair
24
Q
Hypoadrenocorticism
A
- Decreased ACTH
- Types
- Primary
- aka Addisons disease
- Destroyed Adrenal Cortex
- Secondary
- Pituitary Gland Dysfunction
- Primary
- Asymptomatic until 90% of glandular tissue is destroyed
25
Q
Diabetes Mellitus
A
- Oral Manifestations:
- Diabetic Sialadenitis
- Bilateral enlarged parotid glands
- DX w/sjogrens
- Erythematosus Candidiasis
- Benign Migratory Glossitis
- in T1DM
- Diabetic Sialadenitis
- Other problems:
- Microangiopathy
- small vessel occlusions & Cause peripheral diseases
- Kimmelsteil-Wilson Disease
- (diabetic neuropathy)
- Microangiopathy
- Insulin Shock (T1DM)
- Blood glucose levels (BGL)< 40mg/dL
- Pt took insulin, but did not eat (carbs)
26
Q
Hypophosphatasia
A
-
Tissue-Nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency
- Autosomal Recessive
- Manifestations:
- Bone Abnormality like rickets
- ⇡ Blood and urinary phosphoethanolamine
- ⇣ bone, renal, and kidney alkaline phosphate
27
Q
Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets
A
- Does not respond to Vit. D therapy
- Manifestations:
- Large pulp chambers
- almost extending to DEJ
- Elongated Pulps/Pulp Horns
- Pulp Necrosis
- due to small exposures
- Multiple PA abscesses
- Large pulp chambers
28
Q
Chron’s Disease
A
-
Immune Mediated
- primarily impact Ilium
- Manifestations:
- Cobblestone Mucosa
- DEEP Granulomatous ulcerations
- Lip Swelling
29
Q
Pyostomatitis Vegetans
A
- Oral Manifestations:
- inflammatory Bowel Disease
- ulcerative colitis
- Crohn Disease
- Snail Track Ulcerations
- yellow
- inflammatory Bowel Disease
30
Q
Uremic Stomatitis
A
- Renal Failure patients
- rare
- DX: Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
- Clears in a few days after dialysis
- 2-3 weeks
