Systemic disease and heart Flashcards
acromegaly
bp↑; lvh; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; high output cardiac failure; coronary artery disease.
amyloidosis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy. Bright myocardium on echo.
ankylosing spondylitis
Conduction defects; av block; ar.
Behcet’s disease
Aortic regurgitation; arterial ± venous thrombi.
cushing’s syndrome
Hypertension
Down’s syndrome
asd; vsd; mitral regurgitation
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Mitral valve prolapse + hyperelastic skin ± aneurysms and gi bleeds. Joints are loose and hypermobile; mutations exist, eg in genes for procollagen (COL3A1); there are 6 types
Friedrich’s ataxia
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilatation over time.
Haemochromatosis
af; cardiomyopathy
Holt-Oram syndrome
asd or vsd with upper limb defects
HIV
Myocarditis; dilated cardiomyopathy; effusion; ventricular arrhythmias; sbe/ie; non-infective thrombotic (marantic) endocarditis; rvf (pulmonary hypertension); metastatic Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Hypothyroidism
Sinus bradycardia; low pulse pressure; pericardial effusion; coronary artery disease; low voltage ecg.
Kawasaki disease
Coronary arteritis similar to pan; commoner than rheumatic fever ([link]) as a cause of acquired heart disease.
Klinefelter’s syndrome
asd. Psychopathy; learning difficulties; libido↓; gynaecomastia; sparse facial hair and small firm testes. xxy
Marfan’s syndrome
Mitral valve prolapse; ar; aortic dissection. Look for long fingers and a high-arched palate.
Noonan’s syndrome
asd; pulmonary stenosis ± low-set ears.
PAN
Small and medium vessel vasculitis + angina; mi; arrhythmias; ccf; pericarditis and conduction defects.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Conduction defects; pericarditis; lv dysfunction; aortic regurgitation; coronary arteritis. Look for arthritis signs,
Sarcoidosis
Infiltrating granulomas may cause complete av block; ventricular or supraventricular tachycardia; myocarditis; ccf; restrictive cardiomyopathy. ecg may show q waves.
Syphilis
Myocarditis; ascending aortic aneurysm.
SLE
Pericarditis/effusion; myocarditis; Libman–Sacks endocarditis; mitral valve prolapse; coronary arteritis
Systemic sclerosis
Pericarditis; pericardial effusion; myocardial fibrosis; myocardial ischaemia; conduction defects; cardiomyopathy.
THyrotoxicosis
Pulse↑; af ± emboli; wide pulse pressure; hyperdynamic apex; loud heart sounds; ejection systolic murmur; pleuropericardial rub; angina; high-output cardiac failure.
Turner’s syndrome
Coarctation of aorta. Look for webbed neck. xo.
Williams syndrome
Supravalvular aortic stenosis (visuospatial iq↓).
