Systemic conditions causing eye signs

Question 1

What is this? What causes it? How does it present? How is it treated?

Answer 1

• Disease:
  
  • Iritis/ Anterior uveitis
• Presentation
  
  • Redness around cornea
  • Non-blanching
  • Usually unilateral
• Causes
  
  • Ankylosing scleritis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Reiters sarcoidosis
  • Herpes simplex
  • Herpes zoster
• Treatment:
  
  • Sterois eye drops
    
    • Prednisolone + mydriatic

Question 2

What is this? What causes it? How does it present? How is it treated?

Answer 2

• Subconjunctival haemorrhage
• Causes:
  
  • Hypertension
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Trauma
• Treatment
  
  • Looks alarming but resolves spontaneously
  • Refer if traumatic; on warfarin

Question 3

What is this? What causes it? How does it present? How is it treated?

Answer 3

• Conjunctivitis
  
  • Often bilateral
  • Blanches on pressure
  • Purulent discharge
• Causes:
  
  • Infection
• Treatment
  
  • Not required
  • Chlorampenicol ointment or drops

Question 4

What is this? What causes it? How does it present? How is it treated?

Answer 4

• Acute glaucoma
• Causes:
  
  • Diabetes
• Presentation:
  
  • Iris is injected
  • Intraocular pressure is very high
  • Pupil is dilated, fixed and oval
  • Entire eye is red
• Treatment;
  
  • IV Acetazolamide + pilocarpine drops
  • Peripheral iridotomy