Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Rheumatology > Systemic conditions causing eye signs > Flashcards

Systemic conditions causing eye signs Flashcards

1
Q

What is anterior uveitis/iritis?

A

Inflammation of the front chamber of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is posterior uveitis/choroiditis?

A

Inflammation of the back chamber of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What group of conditions cause iritis/choroiditis?

A

Granulomatous disorders- syphilis, TB, sarcoidosis, leprosy, brucellosis and toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What ocular features may be seen in Reiter’s?

A

Iritis and/or conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is episcleritis?

A

Inflammation of the episclera, which lies between the conjunctiva and the sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What conditions may cause episcleritis/scleritis?

A

RA
Vasculitis
SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the possible impact of giant cell arteritis on the eye?

A

Optic nerve ischaemia presenting as sudden blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

A reduciton in tear formation tested by the Schirmer filter paper test (<5mm in 5 minutes). It causes a gritty feeling in the eyes and a dry mouth (xerostomia from reduced saliva production).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In what conditions is keratoconjunctivitis sicca seen?

A
  • May occur on it’s own (Sjogren’s syndrome)

- May occur with other diseases e.g. SLE, RA and sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is keratoconjunctivitis sicca treated?

A

Artificial tears/saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes hypertensive retinopathy?

A

Increased BP accelerates atherosclerosis in retinal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the appearance of hypertensive retinopathy

A
  • Hardened arteries appear shiny “silver wiring”
  • They ‘nip’ veins where they cross (AV nipping)
  • Narrowed arterioles may become blocked causing localised retinal infarction seen as cotton wool spots
  • Leaks from these in severe hypertension manifest as hard exudates or macular oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What might be suggested by papilloedema in the context of retinopathy?

A

Accelerated hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What sign of infective endocarditis is seen in the eye?

A

Roth spots- small retinal infarcts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What signs of dermatomyositis are related to the eye?

A
  • Lilac-purple heliotrope rash on the eyelid
  • Peri-orbital oedema
  • Retinopathy showing cotton-wool spots caused by micro-infarcts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What might be caused by emboli passing through the retinal vasculature?

A

Retinal artery occlusion- retinal pallor corresponds to the area affected so may be global or segmental

Amaurosis fugax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the risk factors for retinal vein occlusion?

A

High BP
Old age
Hyperviscosity

18
Q

When should retinal vein occlusion be suspected?

A

In any acute fall in visual acuity

19
Q

How is the fundus of the eye describe if there is central retinal vein occlusion?

A

“Like a stormy sunset” the “angry red clouds” are haemorrhages

20
Q

In what condition do retinal haemorrhages occur?

A

Leukaemia

21
Q

What eye features are associated with sickle-cell disease?

A

Comma-shaped conjunctival haemorrhages

Retinal new vessel formation

22
Q

In what conditions is optic atrophy seen?

A

Pernicious anaemia

MS

23
Q

What eye feature is associated with hyperthyroidism?

A

Exopthalmos

24
Q

What eye feature is associated with hypoparathyroidism?

A

Lens opacities

25
Q

What eye feature is associated with hypercalcaemia?

A

Conjunctival and corneal calcification

26
Q

Why can sore eyes occur in gout?

A

Conjuctival urate deposits

27
Q

What eye symptom can occur with septicaemia?

A

Septicaemia may spread to the vitreous humour causing endopthalmitis

28
Q

What eye symptom can occur with syphilis?

A

Iritis (+ pigmemented retinopathy if congenital)

29
Q

In what groups of people might systemic fungal infections affect the eye?

A

Immunocompromised e.g. HIV+

IV drug users

30
Q

How are systemic fungal infections of the eye treated?

A

Intra-vitreal antibiotics

31
Q

What eye symptoms can occur with HIV?

A
  • CMV retinitis: pizza-pie fundus- a mixture of cotton wool spots, infiltrates and haemorrhages
  • May be asymptomatic but can cause sudden visual loss
  • If present implies AIDS
  • Cotton wool spots on their own indicate HIV retinopathy and may occur in early disease
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma may affect the lids (non-tender purple nodule) or conjunctiva (red fleshy mass)
32
Q

How is acute glaucoma treated?

A

IV acetazolamide + pilocarpine drops

33
Q

Describe the appearance of the eye in iritis

A
  • Redness most marked around the cornea
  • Redness doesn’t blanch on pressure
  • Usually unilateral
  • Pupil is small and irregular
34
Q

Describe the appearance of the eye in glaucoma?

A
  • Both ciliary and conjuctival vessels are injected (ciliary/conjunctival hyperemia- hyperemia is engorgement of a vessel due to increased blood)
  • Entire eye is red
  • Pupil is dilated and fixed
35
Q

What conditions cause iritis?

A
  • AS
  • RA
  • Reiter’s
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Herpes simplex
  • Herpes zoster
36
Q

How is iritis treated?

A

Steroid eye drops + mydriatic (drug which dilates the pupil)

37
Q

Describe the appearance of the eye in conjuctivitis?

A
  • Bilateral
  • Conjunctival vessels injected, greatest towards the fornices but blanching on pressure
  • Purulent discharge
  • Normal pupil
38
Q

How is conjunctivits treated?

A
  • Often no treatment is required

- Consider chloramphenicol ointment or drops

39
Q

What are the causes of subconjunctival haemorrhage?

A 
Raised BP
Leptospirosis
Bleeding disorders
Trauma
Snake venom
Haemorrhagic fevers
40
Q

Describe the appearance of the eye if there is a subconjunctival haemorrhage?

A

Bright red sclera with white rim around the limbus

41
Q

How is subconjunctival haemorrhage treated?

A
  • Resolves spontaneously
  • Check BP if elderly
  • Is the patient on warfarin? Review this

Rheumatology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions