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Cata 263 final exam > Systemic conditions > Flashcards

Systemic conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is anemia

A

reduction of RBC volume or hemoglobin concentration

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2
Q

Roles of iron (4)

A

Carries oxygen
Storage muscles
Transport of electrons
Helps with enzyme reactions

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3
Q

Insufficient amounts of ___ can interfere with vital function and lead to serious illness or even ___

A

Iron, death

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4
Q

Anemia reduces what (5)

A
  • Maximum aerobic capacity
  • Decreases physical work capacity at submax levels
  • Increase lactic acidosis
    Increases fatigue
  • Decreases time to exhaustion
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5
Q

S/S of anemia

A

Palpitations, fatigue, muscle burning, nausea, SOB, appetite for substances with little or no nutritional value, spoon shaped nails, drying scaling and fissures of lips, inflammation of tongue

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6
Q

Predisposing factors of anemia

A 
Family history
Poor diet
Excessive menstrual flow/pregnancy/childbirth
Chronic bleeding
Disadvantaged socioeconomic background
Chronic use of aspirin or NSAIDs
Cancer
Volunteer blood donor
Diminished hepatic, renal or thyroid dysfunction
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7
Q

Iron deficiency anemia - Tx

A

Increase iron
Vitamin C
Avoid caffeine products

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8
Q

Most common nutritional deficiency worldwide

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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9
Q

Exercise-induced hemolytic anemia other name + cause

A

Runner’s anemia

Repetitive trauma that destroys the RBC

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10
Q

2 types of repetitive traumas in runner’s anemia

A
  1. foot strike hemolysis

2. intravascular hemolysis

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11
Q

What is sickle cell anemia + attributed to what?

A

Abnormalities in RBC

Inheriting an autosomal recessive gene or to possessing two sickle genes

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12
Q

Sickle cell gene is common in people whose origin is in ___ and _____

A

areas where malaria is widespread and black people

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13
Q

Can be mistaken for heat collapse or cardiac collapse

Often occurs first 30 min on the field

A

Sickle cell collapse

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14
Q

S/S of sickle cell anemia

A

Mainly asymptomatic

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15
Q

Treatment of sickle cell anemia

A

No cure, hydration is key, build up slowly with PA levels, more rest between reps, acclimatize to altitude and heat, control asthma

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16
Q

Heat cramp vs sickle cell - Heat cramping often has a prodrome of muscle twinges VS

A

none for sickling

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17
Q

Heat cramp vs sickle cell - The pain is different

A

Heat cramping pain is more excruciating

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18
Q

Heat cramp vs sickle cell - What stops the athlete is different

A

Heat crampers hobble to a halt with locked up muscles VS sickling players slump to the ground with weak muscles

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19
Q

Heat cramp vs sickle cell - Physical findings are different

A

Heat crampers writhe and yell in pain, with muscles visibly contracted and rock-hard VS sicklers lie fairly still, not yelling in pain, with muscles that look and feel normal

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20
Q

Heat cramp vs sickle cell - The response is different

A

Sickling players caught early and treated right recover faster than players with major heat cramping

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21
Q

Recognize what

A

Know your athlete
Adjust physical exertion, especially in the heat and altitude
Acclimatization
Hydration

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22
Q

Hemophilia

A

Bleeding disorder

Deficiency in clotting system

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23
Q

S/S of hemophilia

A

Large or deep bruises, joint pain and swelling caused by internal bleeding, intramuscular bleeding, blood in urine or stool and prolonged bleeding from procedures

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24
Q

Special considerations for hemophilia

A

Avoid contact sport/dangerous sport to prevent injuries like laceration, bruising, etc.

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25
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of the lymphatic channels

26
Q

Lymphangitis is a result of what

A

Infection at a site distal to the vessels

27
Q

S/S of lymphangitis

A

Local inflammation, red streaks, headache, loss of appetite, fevers, chills, malaise, and muscle aches

28
Q

Treatment of lymphangitis

A

Refer, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medication, possible drainage of an abcess

29
Q

How to monitor infection in lymphangitis

A

Mark with a circle to see if it grows

30
Q

Blood pressure disorders - hypertension

A

Elevated BP

Increase risk of CV disease

31
Q

Risk factors of hypertension

A

Age, obesity, alcohol abuse, race, sex, smoking, heredity, diabetes

32
Q

Pre-hypertensive stage

A

120-139 or 80-89

33
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159 or 90-99

34
Q

Blood pressure disorders - Hypotension

A

Lower

Inadequate blood circulated to heart, vital organs

35
Q

S/S of hypotension

A

Shock, dehydration, acute hemorrhage, orthostatic hypotension, postural hypotension

36
Q

Silent killer

A

Sudden cardiac death

37
Q

Leading cause of death in young athletes (unexpected)

A

Sudden cardiac death

38
Q

___ and ___ athletes have an increased death rate in comparison to ___ (highest in ___)

A

Male, black
Females
Basketball players

39
Q

Most common cause of SCD in individuals younger than 35 years old

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

40
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Abnormal thickening of left ventricle wall

41
Q

Normal ventricle thickness vs HCM

A

1 cm VS more than 3 cm

42
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammatory condition of the muscular walls due to bacterial or viral infection

43
Q

S/S of myocarditis

A

Maybe asymptomatic, fever, body aches, fatigue, cough or vomiting

44
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

Genetic disorder of the connective tissue that can affect the skeletin, lungs, eyes, heart and blood vessels

45
Q

S/S of marfan syndrome

A 
Overly long extremities
Joint hypermobile
Pigeon chest
Stretch marks
Scoliosis
Increased incidence of hernias
Positive thumb test and wrist test
46
Q

2 tests done for marfan syndrome

A

Positive thumb test and wrist test

47
Q

Irritation of one or more of the pain sensitive structures or tissues in the head/neck

A

Headaches

48
Q

Headaches can stem from (3)

A

Organic disorders
Psychoneurological problems
Environmental

49
Q

Idiopathic episodic headache disorder

A

Migraine headaches

50
Q

Common triggers of migraine headaches

A

Caffeine, missed meals, too much or little sleep, stress, bright lights, strong odors, change in altitude, red grapes, aspartame

51
Q

Migraines without aura

A

Pulsating quality, aggravated by PA, nausea, photo/phonophobia, desire to lay down in dark room, pressure in the head

52
Q

Migraines with aura

A

Flashes, losing visual field, smell, taste, dizzy

Develops over 5 min and lasts 60 min

53
Q

Most common type of headache (30-78% of general population)

A

Tension type headaches

54
Q

Typically in frontal or occipital region bilaterally spreading over the entire head

A

Tension type headaches

55
Q

S/S of tension type headaches

A

Mild nausea, phono/photophobia

56
Q

Chronic TTHs are present when/how long

A

At least 15 days per month to for at least 6 months

57
Q

Severe unilateral pain, either orbitally or supraorbitally, or temporally or a combination of these sites, that lasts from 15-180 min

A

Cluster headaches

58
Q

S/S of cluster headaches

A

Described as unilateral, stabbing, boring, burning, clusters or groups can last 3 weeks to 3 months, followed by headache free periods months to years

59
Q

Episodes of cluster headaches are associated with at least 2 of the following

A

Conjunctival infection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, forehead/facial sweating, pupillary contraction, lid drooping, eyelid
edema
Agitation during attacks

60
Q

Treatment care for headaches (3)

A
  1. drug therapy (OTC pain relieves)
  2. Stress reduction can help
  3. CT scan or MRI if other techniques fail

Cata 263 final exam (11 decks)

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