Systemic Complications of Diabetes

Question 1

Intracellular hyperglycemia with disturbances in polyol pathways net result

Answer 1

• Nerve Damage (Diabetic Neuropathy)
  Renal damage (Diabetic Nephropathy)
• Vascular damage (Atherosclerosis and Diabetic Retinopathy)
• Cataracts

Question 2

Peripheral neuropathies

Answer 2

• Metabolic neuropathies

- Nutritional Neuropathies

Question 3

Diabetes morphology

Answer 3

• Distal symmetric sensorimotor neuropathy

- Axonal Neuropathy

Question 4

Axonal neuropathy in diabetics

Answer 4

• Reduced numbers of axons
• Variable degrees of ongoing axonal damage
• Marked by degenerating myelin sheaths
• Regenerative axonal clusters
• Endoneurial thickening and hyalinization
• Extensive reduplication of basement membranes

Question 5

Diabetic neuropathy histological findings

Answer 5

• Marked loss of myelinated fibers
• Thin myelinated fibers
• Thickening of endoneurial vessel wall

Question 6

Clinical features of diabetic neuropathy

Answer 6

• Distal symmetric diabetic polyneuropathy

- Diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Question 7

Effects of distal symmetric diabetic polyneuropathy

Answer 7

• Numbness
• Loss of pain sensation
• Difficulty with balance
• Paresthesias or dysesthesias

Question 8

Effects of diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Answer 8

• Postural hypotension
• Incomplete emptying of the bladder
• Sexual dysfunction