systemic carbon chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids Flashcards
compounds containing only single carbon-carbon bonds are described as…
saturated
compounds containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond are described as…
unsaturated.
what happens in an addition reaction?
two molecules combine to form a single molecule.
what is used to distinguish between an unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbon?
decolourising bromine test (if bromine goes from orange to colourless, it is an unsaturated compound.)
what is an isomer
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
what is volatility?
a measure of how easily something evaporates.
how do you name alcohols and what is their functional group?
- end name in - ol
- location of oh group in the middle
(e.g, propan-2-ol)
functional group OH
what is a primary alcohol?
an alcohol in which only one carbon atom is joined directly to the carbon bonded to the OH group
what is a secondary alcohol
an alcohol in which two carbon atoms are bonded directly to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group.
what is a tertiary alcohol?
an alcohol in which there are three carbon atoms bonded directly to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group.
how to name a cyclo alcohol?
just put cyclo infront of the name of the alcohol.
how do you name an alcohol with more than one hydroxyl group?
an alcohol with two hydroxyl groups is called a diol- one with three is called a triol. the naming of all hydroxyl group- numbers must be included (e.g, heptan-1,2,-diol)
why are diols and triols very soluable in water?
increased number of hydroxyl groups and thus hydrogen bonding.
describe a carboxylic acid
- all carboxylic acids end in -oic acid.
- they have the functional group COOH
all reaction of carboxylic acids with bases
- metal hydroxide + carboxylic acid —> salt + water
- metal oxide + carboxylic acid —> salt + water
- metal carbonate + carboxylic acid —> salt + water + carbon dioxide
