Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Diagnostic Imaging I Final COPY (Goldfish) > ***Systemic Bone Disease (PASS)*** > Flashcards

***Systemic Bone Disease (PASS)*** Flashcards

1
Q

All encompassing definition for increased radiolucency of bone?

A

Osteopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 5 examples of Osteopenia?

A
  • -Osteoporosis
  • -HPT
  • -Rickets
  • -Scurvy
  • -Neoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bone density decreased in majority of skeleton, especially axial?

A

Osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 primary causes of Osteoporosis?

A
  • -Old age

- -Post-menopausal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 secondary causes of Osteoporosis?

A
  • -Cushing’s disease

- -Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is another name for Cushing’s disease?

A

Hypercortisalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 2 drugs can lead to Osteoporosis?

A

heparin and steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 2 clinical findings of generalized Osteoporosis as it progresses?

A
  • -increased kyphosis

- -fractures as they become apparent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 4 image findings w/ Generalized Osteoporosis w/in axial skeleton?

A
  • -Loss of 2* stress trabeculae, accentuation of 1* stress trabeculae
  • -Vertical striations in the vertebral bodies
  • -“Pencil thin” cortices
  • -Compression fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the vertical striations in the vertebral bodies called?

A

pseudohemangiomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common location for compression fractures for generalized osteoporosis?

A

thoracic spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the location of the compression fracture for generalized osteoporosis?

A

anterior wedge, fish vertebra - biconcave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 6 image findings w/ Generalized Osteoporosis w/in appendicular skeleton?

A
  • -Ward’s triangle
  • -Cortical thinning
  • -Osteopenia
  • -Trabecular accentuation
  • -Fractures
  • -Insufficiency fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are fractures most commonly found w/ generalized osteoporosis in the appendicular skeleton?

A

hip and wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Loss of bone density confined to a region?

A

regional osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 2 causes of regional osteoporosis?

A
  • -Disuse

- -Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is another name for Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome?

A

Sudeck’s atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common location of regional osteoporosis?

A

transient regional osteoporosis of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who is most likely to get Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome?

A

people over 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 4 clinical findings for Sudeck’s atrophy?

A
  • -pain/swelling
  • -redness/warmth
  • -shiny skin
  • -trophic skin changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the treatment for regional osteoporosis?

A

often self limiting, takes months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What population is most likely to get transient regional osteoporosis of the hip

A

males, aged 20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 3 imaging findings for aggressive, regional osteopenia?

A
  • -Cortical tunneling
  • -Irregular endosteal/periosteal resorption
  • -Spotty and/or bank-like bone loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are 2 imaging findings for soft tissue changes for regional osteopenia?

A
  • -Swelling w/ Sudeck’s atrophy

- -Atrophy w/ disuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A focal loss of bone density affecting a small area?

A

localized osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 3 causes of localized osteoporosis?

A
  • -inflammatory arthritis
  • -focal tumors
  • -infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the imaging finding for localized osteoporosis?

A

focal loss of bone density

–(w/ other findings of underlying cause)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Relatively normal bone quantity, poor bone quality.

A

osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is result on bones from osteomalacia?

A

result in soft bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are 4 common causes of Osteomalacia?

A
  • -Deficiency in Ca+, P+
  • -Vit D malabsorption
  • -Renal lesions
31
Q

What are 3 uncommon causes of Osteomalacia?

A
  • -dysplasia
  • -tumor
  • -drug reax
32
Q

What are 6 imaging findings for Osteomalacia?

A
  • -Generalized osteopenia
  • -Trabecular coarsening
  • -Looser lines
  • -Basilar invagination
  • -Acetabular protrusion
  • -Bone softening deformities
33
Q

Primarily a disease of the growth plates?

A

Rickets

34
Q

What are 5 clinical findings for Rickets?

A
  • -muscle tetany
  • -weakness
  • -delayed development and short stature
  • -bowing deformities
  • -rachitic rosary
35
Q

overgrowth of cartilage near joints and costochondral junction

A

rachitic rosary

36
Q

What are 4 imaging findings for Rickets?

A
  • -“Paint brush” metaphyses
  • -Splayed metaphyses
  • -Bowing deformities
  • -Rachitic rosary
37
Q

Rickets usually does not manifest until after what age?

A

6 months of age

38
Q

Scurvy is due to lack of what dietary vitamin?

A

Vit C

39
Q

What are 2 other names for Scurvy?

A
  • -Barlow’s disease

- -Hypovitaminosis C

40
Q

What is the effect of a lack of Vit C on vascular structures

A

vascular fragility

41
Q

What are 3 vascular findings associated w/ scurvy?

A
  • -spontaneous hemorrhage
  • -easy bruisability
  • -bleeding gums
42
Q

What are 6 imaging findings for Scurvy?

A
  • -Generalized osteopenia
  • -White line of Frankel
  • -Wimberger’s ring
  • -Pelkin’s spurs
  • -Trummerfeld’s zone
  • -Subperiosteal hemorrhaging
43
Q

What is a dense zone of provisional Ca++?

A

white line of frankel

44
Q

What is a well-defined ring around the epiphysis?

A

Wimberger’s ring

45
Q

Arise from metaphyseal mragins, due to collapse of the scorbutic zone?

A

Pelkin’s spur

46
Q

What is the lucent region adjacent to zone of provisional Ca++?

A

Trummerfeld’s zone

47
Q

When does the subperiosteal hemorrhaging become visible?

A

when healing begins

48
Q

What population is most likely to get HPT?

A

females; 30-50

49
Q

What is the underlying pathology of HPT?

A

increased osteoclastic activity w/ fibrous tissue replacement

50
Q

What is the primary etiology of HPT?

A

overproduction of parathormone, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia

51
Q

What is the most common cause of primary HPT?

A

hypercalcemia

52
Q

What is the secondary etiology of HPT?

A

overproduction of parathormone 2* to chronic renal disease

53
Q

What is the tertiary etiology of HPT?

A

parathyroid gland acts independent of serum calcium levels

54
Q

What populations are most commonly affected by tertiary HPT?

A

dialysis patients, long term renal disease

55
Q

How do you distinguish the different forms of HPT w/ imaging?

A

cannot distinguish b/w different forms w/ imaging

56
Q

What are 6 axial skeleton imaging findings of HPT?

A
  • -Osteopenia
  • -Salt and Peper skull
  • -Resorption of lamina dura
  • -Rugger jersey spine
  • -Endplate irregularities
  • -Widened SI joints and symphysis
57
Q

What are the 2 appendicular skeleton imaging findings of HPT?

A
  • -Subperiosteal resorption

- -Brown tumors

58
Q

What are the 4 locations for subperiosteal resorption in the appendicular skeleton w/ HPT?

A
  • -Radial aspect of 2nd and 3rd middle phalanges
  • -Distal clavicle
  • -Medial aspect of prox tibia
  • -Humeral metaphyses
59
Q

What are the 3 most common locations for brown tumors?

A
  • -mandible
  • -pelvis
  • -ribs
60
Q

Acromegaly is 2* to what?

A

excessive growth hormone secretion from pituitary adenoma

61
Q

What are the affects of acromegaly in adults?

A

predominate soft tissue and membranous bone overgrowth

62
Q

What are the affects of acromegaly in adolesence?

A

increased length of bone (gigantism)

63
Q

What are 5 clinical findings for acromegaly?

A
  • -Broad, large hands and feet
  • -Prominent forehead
  • -Nerve compression syndromes
  • -Large body features,(especially in males)
  • -Debilitating headache
64
Q

What 3 skull imaging findings are associated w/ acromegaly?

A
  • -enlarged sella turcica
  • -enlarged frontal sinuses
  • -prognathic mandible
65
Q

What is a “lantern jaw”?

A

prognathic mandible (acromegally)

66
Q

What is the classic, but not invariable finding of acromegaly?

A

enlarged sella turcica

67
Q

What 3 spinal imaging findings are associated w/ acromegaly?

A
  • -enlarged discs
  • -incr. diameter of vert bodies
  • -post scalloping of vert body
68
Q

What 3 hands/feet imaging findings are associated w/ acromegaly?

A
  • -spade-like tufts, widened shafts
  • -enlarged joints w/ osteophytes
  • -enlarged heel pad thickness
69
Q

What measurement indicates enlarged heel pad thickness?

A

> 20-26 mm

70
Q

What 2 abnormal imaging findings are associated w/ acromegaly?

A
  • -enlarged joints

- -large thorax

71
Q

What is the cause of Cushing’s?

A

excessive flucocorticoids which may be exogenous or endogenous

72
Q

What is another name for Cushing’s disease?

A

hypercorticolism

73
Q

What are 4 characteristic clinical findings for Cushing’s disease?

A
  • -Moon face
  • -accelerated hair growth
  • -purple striae on abdomen
  • -buffalo hump
74
Q

What are 4 imaging findings w/ Cushing’s disease?

A
  • -Generalized osteopenia
  • -Compression fractures
  • -Avascular necrosis
  • -Atherosclerotic plaqueing

Diagnostic Imaging I Final COPY (Goldfish) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions